Java中的clone()和Cloneable接口

clone顾名思义就是克隆，即，复制一个相等的对象，但是不同的引用地址。

我们知道拿到一个对象的地址，只要提供相应的方法就可以修改这个对象，但是如果我们想要得到这个对象去修改它，又想保留这个对象原来的属性，这是就可以使用clone()，它会复制一个内容相同的对象而具有不同内存地址。

Cloneable接口，就是我们要使用clone()必须实现的接口，不然会抛出异常。

public class Bean implements Cloneable {
    private String a;

    public Bean(String a) {
        this.a = a;
    }

    public String getA() {
        return a;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if(o instanceof Bean){
            Bean bean = (Bean) o;
            return bean.getA().equals(a);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

在Cloneable 接口中并没有给我们定义任何方法

这里需要重写clone()方法

protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;

protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        if (!(this instanceof Cloneable)) {
            throw new CloneNotSupportedException("Class " + getClass().getName() +
                                                 " doesn't implement Cloneable");
        }

        return internalClone();
    }

它是Object类里面的native方法，它是protected的，根据需要可以写为public，可以看到如果不实现Cloneable接口将会抛出CloneNotSupportedException 异常。

测试一下

try {

            Bean a = new Bean("lzy");
            Bean b = a;
            Bean c = (Bean) a.clone();

            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a == b));         //true
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.equals(b)));    //true

            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a == c));         //false
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.equals(c)));    //true


        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

可以看到克隆出来的类的地址是不同的，而内容是相同的。

下面修改一下，在Bean加一个成员变量ChildBean

public class ChildBean implements Cloneable {
    private String c;
    public String getC() {
        return c;
    }
    public ChildBean(String c) {
        this.c = c;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof ChildBean) {
            ChildBean bean = (ChildBean) o;
            return bean.getC().equals(c);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

public class Bean implements Cloneable {
    private String a;
    private ChildBean childBean;

    public Bean(String a, ChildBean childBean) {
        this.a = a;
        this.childBean = childBean;
    }
    public String getA() {
        return a;
    }

    public ChildBean getChildBean() {
        return childBean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o instanceof Bean) {
            Bean bean = (Bean) o;
            return bean.getA().equals(a);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

Bean a = new Bean("lzy", new ChildBean("child"));
            Bean b = a;
            Bean c = (Bean) a.clone();

            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean() == b.getChildBean()));         //true
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean().equals(b.getChildBean())));    //true

            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean() == c.getChildBean()));         //true
            Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean().equals(c.getChildBean())));    //true

测试发现有一个结果不是我们所预期的，这意味着并没有真正克隆ChildBean，只是克隆的它的内存地址，导致两个具有相同的内存地址，这也就是浅克隆，此时我们需要的是深克隆，需要按照下面方法修改，重写clone()方法

  @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Bean bean = (Bean) super.clone();
        bean.childBean = (ChildBean) bean.childBean.clone();
        return bean;
    }

但是这样做如果有很多层的类，那每一层都需要去重写，显得很麻烦。所以我们可以用下面的工具类来实现

public class BeanUtil {
    public static <T> T cloneTo(T src) throws RuntimeException {
        ByteArrayOutputStream memoryBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream out = null;
        ObjectInputStream in = null;
        T dist = null;
        try {
            out = new ObjectOutputStream(memoryBuffer);
            out.writeObject(src);
            out.flush();
            in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(memoryBuffer.toByteArray()));
            dist = (T) in.readObject();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (out != null)
                try {
                    out.close();
                    out = null;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            if (in != null)
                try {
                    in.close();
                    in = null;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
        }
        return dist;
    }
}

Bean a = new Bean("lzy", new ChildBean("child"));
        Bean b = BeanUtil.cloneTo(a);

        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean() == b.getChildBean()));         //false
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: " + (a.getChildBean().equals(b.getChildBean())));    //true

这样就可以很轻松的得到我们预期的结果，但是记得每一个类都要去 实现Serializable接口。