贝塞尔曲线应用及QQ气泡拖动原理实践
绘线API介绍
- moveTo
控制Path的起点位置 - lineTo
从起点连接到某点位置 - quadTo
绘制贝塞尔曲线 - cubicTo
同样是绘制贝塞尔曲线，多一个起点坐标参数，比起quadTo省去了一个moveTo步骤 - arcTo
截取圆弧的一部分角度
这部分读者可以直接参考别人的实例讲解
我在这儿主要介绍贝塞尔曲线的应用，虽然有很多人已经解释过什么是贝塞尔曲线，但大部分都没有说清楚公式转化的那部分，所以我还是在这里记录下来。
首先是一阶的贝塞尔曲线：
其对应的公式
然后是二阶的贝塞尔曲线：
其对应的公式
二阶函数公式对应的曲线为什么是这样的呢，这里可以把公式拆开转化，依次如下：
和一阶的公式联系起来看，继续转化：
用B0和B1代替和一阶公式对应的部分
B0和B1分别是P0到P1和P1到P2的1阶贝塞尔曲线。而2阶贝塞尔曲线B就是B0到B1的1阶贝塞尔曲线。
看着最后的这个公式，回去看看那个二阶的动态图，有木有瞬间明白了！
那么如果想问还有三阶、四阶什么的呵呵嗒，我这里转两个图读者自己去转化吧＝。＝＃
三阶：
四阶：
QQ 气泡拖动原理解析及相关Demo
很早就看了QQ消息气泡的功能，也有很多人做过相关实现，类似于下面的，都是用贝塞尔曲线实现的：
于是自己也去实现了一个简单的Demo，主要也是想学习实现的原理，写这篇博客即是想记录，也是想分享。上面的Demo最后是用帧图片去做的，我就不去找图片了，改成了回弹的效果。
效果是这样的：
代码不多，直接铺出来：
import android.animation.ValueAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Created by Yellow5A5 on 15/12/18.
*/
public class ElasticRoundView extends View {
//变化因子，用于设置拖动距离与半径变化的关系
private final int CHANGE_FACTOR = 8;
private int density;
private int displayWidth;
private int displayHeight;
//中心坐标
private float mCenterX;
private float mCenterY;
//移动的圆中心坐标
private float mMovingX;
private float mMovingY;
//初始半径记录
private float mStartRadius;
//中心的圆半径
private float mCenterRadius;
//移动的圆半径
private float mMovingRadius;
//限制拖动范围
private float mLimit;
//标记最后ACTION_UP的坐标
private float mEndX, mEndY;
private Path mPath;
private Paint mPaint;
private ValueAnimator animator;
public ElasticRoundView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public ElasticRoundView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public ElasticRoundView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init();
}
private void init() {
density = (int) getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
displayWidth = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels;
displayHeight = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels;
mCenterX = displayWidth / 2;
mCenterY = displayHeight / 2;
mCenterRadius = density * 25;
mStartRadius = mCenterRadius;
mPath = new Path();
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#ff5777"));
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);//去除锯齿
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mMovingX = mCenterX;
mMovingY = mCenterY;
mMovingRadius = mCenterRadius;
mLimit = 7 * mCenterRadius;
initAnim();
updatePath();
}
//设置回归动画
private void initAnim() {
animator = ValueAnimator.ofFloat(1f, 0f).setDuration(1500);
animator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
mMovingX = mCenterX + ((mEndX - mCenterX) * (float) animation.getAnimatedValue());
mMovingY = mCenterY + ((mEndY - mCenterY) * (float) animation.getAnimatedValue());
mCenterRadius = mStartRadius - vectorToPoint(mCenterX, mCenterY, mMovingX, mMovingY) / CHANGE_FACTOR;
mMovingRadius = mStartRadius - mCenterRadius;
updatePath();
invalidate();
}
});
}
//更新路径参数
private void updatePath() {
if (mMovingY == mCenterY || mMovingX == mCenterX)
return;
double corners = Math.atan((mMovingY - mCenterY) / (mMovingX - mCenterX));
float offsetX1 = (float) (mCenterRadius * Math.sin(corners));
float offsetY1 = (float) (mCenterRadius * Math.cos(corners));
float offsetX2 = (float) (mMovingRadius * Math.sin(corners));
float offsetY2 = (float) (mMovingRadius * Math.cos(corners));
float x1 = mCenterX - offsetX1;
float y1 = mCenterY + offsetY1;
float x2 = mMovingX - offsetX2;
float y2 = mMovingY + offsetY2;
float x3 = mMovingX + offsetX2;
float y3 = mMovingY - offsetY2;
float x4 = mCenterX + offsetX1;
float y4 = mCenterY - offsetY1;
float midpointX = (mCenterX + mMovingX) / 2;
float midpointY = (mCenterY + mMovingY) / 2;
mPath.reset();
mPath.moveTo(x1, y1);
mPath.quadTo(midpointX, midpointY, x2, y2);
mPath.lineTo(x3, y3);
mPath.quadTo(midpointX, midpointY, x4, y4);
mPath.lineTo(x1, y1);
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
int eventAction = event.getAction();
int x = (int) event.getX();
int y = (int) event.getY();
float temp = 0;
switch (eventAction) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
if (x < mCenterX - mCenterRadius || x > mCenterX + mCenterRadius || y < mCenterY - mCenterRadius || y > mCenterY + mCenterRadius) {
return false;
}
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
mMovingX = x;
mMovingY = y;
temp = vectorToPoint(mCenterX, mCenterY, mMovingX, mMovingY);
if (temp > mLimit) {//限制拖动长度。
float multiple = mLimit / temp;
mMovingX = (mMovingX - mCenterX) * multiple + mCenterX;
mMovingY = (mMovingY - mCenterY) * multiple + mCenterY;
temp = mLimit;
}
mCenterRadius = mStartRadius - temp / CHANGE_FACTOR;
mMovingRadius = mStartRadius - mCenterRadius;
updatePath();
invalidate();
return true;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
//限制拖动长度。
mEndX = mMovingX;
mEndY = mMovingY;
animator.start();
}
return true;
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX, mCenterY, mCenterRadius, mPaint);
canvas.drawCircle(mMovingX, mMovingY, mMovingRadius, mPaint);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
}
/**
* 计算两点之间的距离
* @return 两点之间的距离
*/
private float vectorToPoint(float X1, float Y1, float X2, float Y2) {
return (float) Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.abs(X2 - X1), 2) + Math.pow(Math.abs(Y2 - Y1), 2));
}
}这就是整个类了，复制即可用。
讲解部分：
首先看看onDraw的代码：
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawCircle(mCenterX, mCenterY, mCenterRadius, mPaint);
canvas.drawCircle(mMovingX, mMovingY, mMovingRadius, mPaint);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
}首先绘制了两个圆，分别是拖动的圆和中心的圆。然后再绘制mPath。绘制mPath事实上是填充模式去绘制两个圆连接的部分，通过6个点的坐标绘制2条直线和2条贝塞尔曲线围成的。
下面看看mPath的曲线绘制部分：
//更新路径参数
private void updatePath() {
if (mMovingY == mCenterY || mMovingX == mCenterX)
return;
double corners = Math.atan((mMovingY - mCenterY) / (mMovingX - mCenterX));
float offsetX1 = (float) (mCenterRadius * Math.sin(corners));
float offsetY1 = (float) (mCenterRadius * Math.cos(corners));
float offsetX2 = (float) (mMovingRadius * Math.sin(corners));
float offsetY2 = (float) (mMovingRadius * Math.cos(corners));
float x1 = mCenterX - offsetX1;
float y1 = mCenterY + offsetY1;
float x2 = mMovingX - offsetX2;
float y2 = mMovingY + offsetY2;
float x3 = mMovingX + offsetX2;
float y3 = mMovingY - offsetY2;
float x4 = mCenterX + offsetX1;
float y4 = mCenterY - offsetY1;
float midpointX = (mCenterX + mMovingX) / 2;
float midpointY = (mCenterY + mMovingY) / 2;
mPath.reset();
mPath.moveTo(x1, y1);
mPath.quadTo(midpointX, midpointY, x2, y2);
mPath.lineTo(x3, y3);
mPath.quadTo(midpointX, midpointY, x4, y4);
mPath.lineTo(x1, y1);
}先通过角度计算，获得两个园中心的坐标角度，这个需要在图上画一画比较清晰，然后通过这个角度去获得四个角上的点坐标，然后再去取连接两圆圆心的线的中点位置midpoint。用这个midpoint来作为贝塞尔曲线坐标的控制点，进而开始绘制。
另外我设置了一个CHANGE_FACTOR值，通过改变这个值来设置拖动距离和半径变化的关系。
接下来我看看touchEvent里面ACTION_MOVE的代码：
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
mMovingX = x;
mMovingY = y;
temp = vectorToPoint(mCenterX, mCenterY, mMovingX, mMovingY);
if (temp > mLimit) {//限制拖动长度。
float multiple = mLimit / temp;
mMovingX = (mMovingX - mCenterX) * multiple + mCenterX;
mMovingY = (mMovingY - mCenterY) * multiple + mCenterY;
temp = mLimit;
}
mCenterRadius = mStartRadius - temp / CHANGE_FACTOR;
mMovingRadius = mStartRadius - mCenterRadius;
updatePath();
invalidate();
return true;这部分的逻辑负责更新移动中的圆的坐标及两圆半径。这部分坐标的更新先需要通过vectorToPoint方法来计算两圆距离，并是否超出限制，进而符合逻辑的更新绘制。
根据这样的效果实现，明白了实现原理，对于那些看起来很像特别酷炫的效果，像下面这个Demo，你是不是也应该有了头绪？
文章到此结束，谢谢阅读！
附参考文章：
http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000721127
http://blog.csdn.net/zhongkejingwang/article/details/38556891
http://www.cnblogs.com/tianzhijiexian/p/4301113.html
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