从源码的角度说说Activity的setContentView的原理

我们在Activity开发的时候天天会用到这个方法，有时候还需要根据需求在setContentView调用的时候做一些动作，因此我们就需要知道它内部是如何工作的，我们来一起看一下：

setContentView有三个重载方法：

    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

    public void setContentView(View view) {
        getWindow().setContentView(view);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

    public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        getWindow().setContentView(view, params);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

他们实际都在调用getWindow方法返回的Window对象的setContentView方法，那getWindow对象返回的是谁呢？

    public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }

我们可以看到getWindow返回的是一个mWindows的对象，那么它在哪被赋值的呢？通过查找我们可以找到在Activity的attach方法中有这么一段：

mWindow = PolicyManager.makeNewWindow(this);

也就是说继续往下看，发现PolicyManager.makeNewWindow内部确实这样的：

    // The static methods to spawn new policy-specific objects
    public static Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
        return sPolicy.makeNewWindow(context);
    }

好，那我们找找sPolicy又是谁：

我们可以在PolicyManager方法内看到静态代码块以及它的一些属性：

    private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME =
        "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";

    private static final IPolicy sPolicy;

    static {
        // Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time
        try {
            Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);
            sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be loaded", ex);
        } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME + " could not be instantiated", ex);
        }
    }

也就是说，sPolicy对象是类com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy的一个实例，OK，我们进入这个类看一下它的makeNewWindow方法，噢噢，是这样啊：

    public Window makeNewWindow(Context context) {
        return new PhoneWindow(context);
    }

原来那个getWindow返回的是PhoneWindow对象，setContentView调用的则是PhoneWindow的setContentView，OK，说了这么多重点就是看下PhoneWindow的setContentView方法是如何工作的：

PhoneWindow的setContentView的重载方法内部有些不同，我们先看参数为int的setContentView：

    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
    }

我们只看重点部分，都是通过LayoutInflater的inflate的方法加载的，是不是很熟悉呢？inflate方法的第二个参数是mContentParent，就是说要把这个layoutResID的这个布局添加到mContentParent中，那么mContentParent就是我们的主布局了，从代码中也可以看出来：

    /**
     * The ID that the main layout in the XML layout file should have.
     */
    public static final int ID_ANDROID_CONTENT = com.android.internal.R.id.content;

    protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        // Apply data from current theme.

	...

        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }

	...

        return contentParent;
    }

            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);

好，入口的东西都分析的差不多了，着重看一下LayoutInflater的inflate的工作原理，我们常用的方法是这3个：

    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {
        return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
    }

    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root) {
        return inflate(parser, root, root != null);
    }

    public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
                    + Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
        }

        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }

其实它们都没做什么，主要做工作的是它：

    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": No start tag found!");
                }

                final String name = parser.getName();
                
                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                    System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                            + name);
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                }

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs, false);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }
                    // Inflate all children under temp
                    rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true, true);
                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(
                        parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
            }

            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);

            return result;
        }
    }

这段代码比较多，我们挑一下重点看：

                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs, false);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }

这段代码就是说通过createViewFromTag方法生成临时View对象，然后如果View生成成功，给它产生一个默认的LayoutParams对象附在上面，最后判断root是否为空，决定是否要将这个临时View添加到root之上，好，接下来，我们的重点是createViewFromTag方法：

    /**
     * Creates a view from a tag name using the supplied attribute set.
     * <p>
     * If {@code inheritContext} is true and the parent is non-null, the view
     * will be inflated in parent view's context. If the view specifies a
     * <theme> attribute, the inflation context will be wrapped with the
     * specified theme.
     * <p>
     * Note: Default visibility so the BridgeInflater can override it.
     */
    View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        Context viewContext;
        if (parent != null && inheritContext) {
            viewContext = parent.getContext();
        } else {
            viewContext = mContext;
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if requested.
        final TypedArray ta = viewContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
        final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
        if (themeResId != 0) {
            viewContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(viewContext, themeResId);
        }
        ta.recycle();

        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(viewContext, attrs);
        }

        if (DEBUG) System.out.println("******** Creating view: " + name);

        try {
            View view;
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
                view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            }

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Created view is: " + view);
            return view;

        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name);
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name);
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        }
    }

这么多代码，其实我们的重点是这部分：

            View view;
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
                view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            }

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

我们可以看到，刚开始会交给mFactory2、mFactory、mPrivateFactory这三个View工厂来进行处理，这三个对象都是通过构造方法设置进来的，如下：

    protected LayoutInflater(LayoutInflater original, Context newContext) {
        mContext = newContext;
        mFactory = original.mFactory;
        mFactory2 = original.mFactory2;
        mPrivateFactory = original.mPrivateFactory;
        setFilter(original.mFilter);
    }

这个构造方法在哪里被调用我们先不去看，我们可以继续我们的重点：

                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }

这里的意思是，如果这个Tag是没有( . )的话，那就是说这个tag是android提供的默认的控件，像View,TextView,Button等等。否则，就是其它情况了，我们先看默认没有( . )的情况：

    protected View onCreateView(String name, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return createView(name, "android.view.", attrs);
    }

请注意这个方法的第二个参数android.view.，然后我们进入方法内部：

    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);

            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
                
                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
                if (mFilter != null) {
                    // Have we seen this name before?
                    Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                    if (allowedState == null) {
                        // New class -- remember whether it is allowed
                        clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                                prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
                        
                        boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                        mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                        if (!allowed) {
                            failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                        }
                    } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
            }

            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            constructor.setAccessible(true);
            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            return view;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class "
                    + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;

        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // If loaded class is not a View subclass
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Class is not a View "
                    + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class "
                    + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

这段代码其实重点就是通过ClassLoader的loadClass方法将类加载进来，然后通过反射的方式获取它的构造方法进行实例化，然后基本功能就完成了。有的同学可能会注意到这里有个mFilter属性，这个属性是用来定义这个类是否允许被加载的。

好，以上就是最基本的Inflate加载过程，其实实际过程不是这样的，我们将在下一章查看详细的加载过程。