java、javaw和javaws

1.
java: java application executor which is associated with a console to display output/errors

javaw: (java windowed) application executor not associated with console. So no display of output/errors. Can be used to silently push the output/errors to text files. Mostly used to launch GUI based application

javaws: (java web start) to download and run the distributed web applications. again No console is associated.(http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/tools/share/javaws.html)
java：结合一个控制台显示输出和错误信息的java应用执行程序
javaw :不结合控制台的java应用执行程序，所以不会显示输出和错误。可以用来将输出和错误静默的输出到文本文件。通常用来运行图形界面应用。
javaws：下载和运行分布式网页应用，与控制台无关。

2.
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8194713/difference-between-java-javaw-javaws
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/tools/windows/java.html#BGBCIEFC

摘自官方文档：
Description
The java command starts a Java application. It does this by starting the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), loading the specified class, and calling that class’s main() method. The method must be declared public and static, it must not return any value, and it must accept a String array as a parameter. The method declaration has the following form:

public static void main(String[] args)
The java command can be used to launch a JavaFX application by loading a class that either has a main() method or that extends javafx.application.Application. In the latter case, the launcher constructs an instance of the Application class, calls its init() method, and then calls the start(javafx.stage.Stage) method.

By default, the first argument that is not an option of the java command is the fully qualified name of the class to be called. If the -jar option is specified, its argument is the name of the JAR file containing class and resource files for the application. The startup class must be indicated by the Main-Class manifest header in its source code.

The JRE searches for the startup class (and other classes used by the application) in three sets of locations: the bootstrap class path, the installed extensions, and the user’s class path.

Arguments after the class file name or the JAR file name are passed to the main() method.

The javaw command is identical to java, except that with javaw there is no associated console window. Use javaw when you do not want a command prompt window to appear. The javaw launcher will, however, display a dialog box with error information if a launch fails.
最后一段：javaw命令除了不会出现相关联的控制台窗口之外与java命令完全相同。当你不想出现命令提示窗时使用javaw。但是如果javaw启动失败，会弹出一个包含错误信息的对话框。

3.
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/56554107.html 这应该是某人的总结，总结的也很好。

both applications will run your program, and are very similar, but have one key difference - java runs it through a Java Console, while javaw does not.

The console is there mostly for text programs - for example, all your print statemements won’t get printed if you run it using javaw. The same then goes for error messages, messages you print on the program’s usage etc etc.

However a java console slows the program down some - since it’s constantly listening to your program for things to output.

So, if you’re choosing which to use:
If it’s a text-based program, use java.
If it’s graphical but prints text at any point, use java
If you’re error checking, use java
If it’s purely graphical, and you need to increase 搜索the speed, use javaw.
两个应用程序都能运行你的程序，并非常相似，但是有一个重要的区别，java通过控制台运行，javaw则不是。
控制台几乎是为纯文本编成的，例如如果你用javaw运行所有你打印的状态不会被打印出来。你打印在程序中的有用信息，错误信息也是一样。
所以，如果你在选择用哪个：
如果是基于纯文本的编成用java。
如果是图形化但随时打印纯文本用java。
如果你在检查错误，用java。
如果程序是纯粹的图形化的，而且你需要提升速度，用javaw。