转载:
http://blog.csdn.net/hudashi/article/details/7709413
http://hi.baidu.com/7828058/blog/item/256e16decd1a385e94ee3784.html
Posix线程中的线程属性pthread_attr_t主要包括scope属性、detach属性、堆栈地址、堆栈大小、优先级。在pthread_create中,把第二个参数设置为NULL的话,将采用默认的属性配置。
pthread_attr_t的主要属性的意义如下:
__detachstate
,表示新线程是否与进程中其他线程脱离同步,
如果设置为
PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
则新线程不能用pthread_join()来同步,且在退出时自行释放所占用的资源。缺省为
PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
状态。这个属性也可以在线程创建并运行以后用
pthread_detach()
来设置,而一旦设置为PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACH状态(不论是创建时设置还是运行时设置)则不能再恢复到PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE状态。
__schedpolicy
,表示新线程的调度策略,主要包括
SCHED_OTHER
(正常、非实时)、
SCHED_RR
(实时、轮转法)和
SCHED_FIFO
(实时、先入先出)三种,缺省为
SCHED_OTHER
,后两种调度策略仅对超级用户有效。运行时可以用过pthread_setschedparam()来改变。
__schedparam
,一个
struct sched_param
结构,目前仅有一个
sched_priority
整型变量表示线程的运行优先级。这个参数仅当调度策略为实时(即SCHED_RR或SCHED_FIFO)时才有效,并可以在运行时通过pthread_setschedparam()函数来改变,缺省为
0
。
__inheritsched
,有两种值可供选择:
PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
和
PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED
,前者表示新线程使用显式指定调度策略和调度参数(即attr中的值),而后者表示继承调用者线程的值。缺省为
PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
。
__scope
,表示线程间竞争CPU的范围,也就是说线程优先级的有效范围。POSIX的标准中定义了两个值:
PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
和
PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS
,前者表示与系统中所有线程一起竞争CPU时间,后者表示仅与同进程中的线程竞争CPU。目前LinuxThreads仅实现了
PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
一值。
为了设置这些属性,POSIX定义了一系列属性设置函数,包括
pthread_attr_init()、
pthread_attr_destroy()和与各个属性相关的
pthread_attr_get
XXX/
pthread_attr_set
XXX函数。
在设置线程属性
pthread_attr_t 之前,通常先调用pthread_attr_init来初始化,之后来调用相应的属性设置函数。
主要的函数如下:
1、pthread_attr_init
功能: 对线程属性变量的初始化。
头文件: <pthread.h>
函数原型: int pthread_attr_init (pthread_attr_t* attr);
函数传入值:attr:线程属性。
函数返回值:成功: 0
失败: -1
2、pthread_attr_setscope
功能:
设置线程
__scope
属性。scope属性表示线程间竞争CPU的范围,也就是说线程优先级的有效范围。POSIX的标准中定义了两个值:
PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
和
PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS
,前者表示与系统中所有线程一起竞争CPU时间,后者表示仅与同进程中的线程竞争CPU。默认为PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS。
目前LinuxThreads仅实现了PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM一值。
头文件: <pthread.h>
函数原型:
int
pthread_attr_setscope
(pthread_attr_t* attr, int scope);
函数传入值:attr: 线程属性。
scope:
PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM,
表示与系统中所有线程一起竞争CPU时间,
PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS,表
示仅与同进程中的线程竞争CPU
函数返回值得:同1。
3、pthread_attr_setdetachstate
功能:
设置线程
detachstate
属性。该表示新线程是否与进程中其他线程脱离同步,如果设置为
PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
则新线程不能用pthread_join()来同步,且在退出时自行释放所占用的资源。缺省为
PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
状态。这个属性也可以在线程创建并运行以后用pthread_detach()来设置,而一旦设置为PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACH状态(不论是创建时设置还是运行时设置)则不能再恢复到PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE状态。
头文件: <phread.h>
函数原型:
int
pthread_attr_setdetachstate
(pthread_attr_t* attr, int detachstate);
函数传入值:attr:线程属性。
detachstate:
PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED,
不能用pthread_join()来同步,且在退出时自行释放所占用的资源
PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE,
能用pthread_join()来同步
函数返回值得:同1。
4、pthread_attr_setschedparam
功能: 设置线程
schedparam
属性,即调用的优先级。
头文件: <pthread.h>
函数原型: i
nt
pthread_attr_setschedparam
(pthread_attr_t* attr, struct sched_param* param);
函数传入值:attr:线程属性。
param:线程优先级。
一个struct sched_param结构,目前仅有一个sched_priority整型变量表示线程的运行优先级。这个参数仅当调度策略为实时(即SCHED_RR或SCHED_FIFO)时才有效,并可以在运行时通过pthread_setschedparam()函数来改变,缺省为0
函数返回值:同1。
5、pthread_attr_getschedparam
功能: 得到线程优先级。
头文件: <pthread.h>
函数原型:
int
pthread_attr_getschedparam
(pthread_attr_t* attr, struct sched_param* param);
函数传入值:attr:线程属性;
param:线程优先级;
函数返回值:同1。
示例1:
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"></p><div><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><stdlib.h></span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><stdio.h></span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><errno.h></span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);"><pthread.h></span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div> </div><div><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">static</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_1 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">static</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_2 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">int</span><span class="pln"> main </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">int</span><span class="pln"> argc</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">char</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">**</span><span class="pln"> argv</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">pthread_t</span><span class="pln"> pt_1 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">pthread_t</span><span class="pln"> pt_2 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">pthread_attr_t</span><span class="pln"> atrr </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">};</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">int</span><span class="pln"> ret </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><span style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="pln" style="line-height: 25px;"> </span><span class="com" style="line-height: 25px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">/*初始化属性线程属性*/</span></span> <div><span class="pln"> pthread_attr_init </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(&</span><span class="pln">attr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> pthread_attr_setscope </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(&</span><span class="pln">attr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> pthread_attr_setdetachstate </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(&</span><span class="pln">attr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> ret </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> pthread_create </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(&</span><span class="pln">pt_1</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">&</span><span class="pln">attr</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_1</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> NULL</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln">ret </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">!=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> perror </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"pthread_1_create"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> ret </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> pthread_create </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(&</span><span class="pln">pt_2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> NULL</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> NULL</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln">ret </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">!=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> perror </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"pthread_2_create"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> pthread_join </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln">pt_2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">,</span><span class="pln"> NULL</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">return</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">static</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_1 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">int</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">for</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(;</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">6</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> i</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">++)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> printf </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"This is pthread_1.\n"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">if</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="pln">i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">==</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">2</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> pthread_exit </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">return</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">static</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pln"> pthread_func_2 </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">void</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">int</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">0</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">for</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(;</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);"><</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="lit" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102);">3</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> i </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">++)</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">{</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> printf </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">(</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"This is pthread_2.\n"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">);</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pln"> </span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">return</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><div><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">}</span><span class="pln"> </span></div><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"></p>
从上面事例中,可以得到这么一个结果,就是线程一的线程函数一结束就自动释放资源,线程二就得等到pthread_join来释放系统资源。
结束!