第一节的学习使得我们学会使用HttpClient请求网页的基本方法;第二节进一步学习了Jsoup从网页中解析出所需要的内容。但在请求时,我们仍可能遇到目标网址没有错,但就是请求得不到响应的情况,比如OSChina、CSDN等网址,因此这里必须伪装成浏览器才可以进行正常的访问。
模拟浏览器在代码的实现层,就是给请求加上Header,那么如何看应该封装的Header内容呢?运用浏览器自带的开发者选项功能(F12),查看Network下的目标网址对应的User-Agent即可:
然后在代码的Header中加入User-Agent即可:
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class OSChina {
public static void main(String[] args){
//创建HttpClient
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//目标网址
String url = "http://www.oschina.net/";
//创建请求方法
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
//设置Header模拟浏览器行为
httpGet.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36");
try {
//发送请求,收取响应
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
//解析响应
String entity = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
System.out.println(entity);
}
EntityUtils.consume(httpResponse.getEntity());
httpResponse.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}