Python中的字符串

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-14 08:25:16 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-14 08:25:16 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： python 字符串

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Python String Tutorial

原文：Python String Tutorial

作者：Sejal Jaiswal
日期：January 18th, 2018

主要内容包括slicing、striding、

这里写图片描述

字符串不可变类型

single_quote = 'Single quote allow you to embed "double" quotes in your string.'
double_quote = "Double quote allow you to embed 'single' quotes in your string."
triple_quote = """Triple quotes allows to embed "double quotes" as well as 'single quotes' in your string. 
And can also span across multiple lines."""

triple_quote = '''This is triple quoted string using "single" quotes.'''
triple_quote[35] = "'"

#
#result
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-207-62d335428dcf> in <module>()
      1 triple_quote = '''This is triple quoted string using "single" quotes.'''
----> 2 triple_quote[35] = "'"


TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

triple_quote_new = triple_quote[0:35] + "'single'" + triple_quote[43:]
print(triple_quote_new)
#
#
This is triple quoted string using 'single' quotes.

可以用 len()计算字符串的长度

len(triple_quote_new)
#
#
51

字符串切片

由于字符串是由一连串的字母组成的，因此，你可以像元组和列表那样将字符串切片或索引。
这里写图片描述

#索引
snack = "Chocolate cookie."
print(snack[0])
print(snack[9])
print(snack[-1])
#
#
C

.

#切片
snack = "Chocolate cookie."
print(snack[10:16])
#
#
cookie

#与上面等价，你也可以采用负数索引
print(snack[10:-1]) # -1: since the stop index is excluded in slicing.
#
#
cookie

下面三个例子的结果是一样的：

# Stop value not provided
print(snack[0:]) 

# Start value not provided (Stop value excluded according to syntax)
print(snack[:-1])

# This is also allowed
print(snack[:])

#
#
Chocolate cookie.
Chocolate cookie
Chocolate cookie.

下面看看字符串中的stride:

number_string = "1020304050"
print(number_string[0:-1:2])
#
#
12345

print(number_string[::-1]) 
#
#
0504030201

print(number_string[::-2])
#
#
00000

常用字符串操作

#连接
string1 = 'Chocolate'
string2 = 'cookie'

snack = string1 + " " + string2
print(snack)
#
#
Chocolate cookie

然而，字符串与数字进行连接时，数字为数值型是会报错的：

cost = 15
string1 = "The total in Euro is: "

bill = string1 + cost
print(bill)
#
#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-218-7d5c5248b927> in <module>()
      2 string1 = "The total in Euro is: "
      3 
----> 4 bill = string1 + cost
      5 print(bill)


TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

如下操作就可以：

bill = string1 + str(cost)
print(bill)
#
#
The total in Euro is: 15

复制字符串可以用 * 操作：

single_word = 'hip '
line1 = single_word * 2 + 'hurray! '
print(line1 * 3)
#
#
hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!

可以用 in 和 not in 判断成员是否在字符串内：

sub_string1 = 'ice'
sub_string2 = 'glue'
string1 = 'ice cream'
if sub_string in string1:
    print("There is " + sub_string + " in " + string1)
if sub_string2 not in string1:
    print("Phew! No " + sub_string2 + " in " + string1)
#
#
There is ice in ice cream
Phew! No glue in ice cream

利用 str.capitalize()实现首字母大写：

str.capitalize('cookie')
#
#
'Cookie'

利用str.islower()判断字符串是否是小写：

snack = 'cookie'
snack.islower()
#
#
True

利用str.find(substring)返回找到子串的字符串中开头的索引：

str1 = 'I got you a cookie'
str2 = 'cook'
str1.find(str2)
#
#
12

利用str.count(substring)计算字符串中出现子字符串的次数，您也可以指定字符串的开始和结束索引：

str1 = 'I got you a cookie, do you like cookies?'
str2 = 'cookie'
str1.count(str2)
#
#
2

利用 str.isspace()判断字符串中是否有空格：

str_space = '   '
str_space.isspace()
#
#
True

str_tab = '\t'
str_tab.isspace()
#
#
True

str_nextline = '''\n'''
str_nextline.isspace()
#
#
True

利用str.lstrip() 删除字符串中的所有开头空格。：

str1 = " I can't hear you. Are you alright? "
str2 = " Yes, all is good."
str3 = str1.lstrip() + str2.lstrip()
print(str3)
#
#
I can't hear you. Are you alright? Yes, all is good.

利用 str.isdigit()判断字符串是不是数字：

number_string = "1020304050"
number_string.isdigit()
#
#
True

利用str.replace(substring, new) 进行替换：

string1 = 'hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!'
string2 = string1.replace('hip', 'Hip')
print(string1)
print(string2)
#
#
hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!
Hip Hip hurray! Hip Hip hurray! Hip Hip hurray!

#定义max来指定替换最大个数
string1.replace('hip', 'Hip', 2)
#
#
'Hip Hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!'

str.split(delimiter=”“) 指定符号进行字符串分割：

str.split(delimiter="")
#
#
list_dessert = string1.split(',')

字符串格式化

print("I bought %d Euro worth of %s!" %(200, 'cookies'))
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!

print("I bought {0} Euro worth of {1}!".format(200,'cookies')) #Accessing values by position
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!

print("I bought {total} Euro worth of {item}!".format(total = 200, item = 'cookies')) #Accessing values by name
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!

'{:#<10}'.format('Cake') #Left aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'Cake######'

'{:#^10}'.format('Cake') #Centre aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'###Cake###'

'{:#>10}'.format('Cake') #Right aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'######Cake'

for num in range(1,10): 
    print('{0:{width}}'.format(num, width=5), end=' ')
#
#
1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9

Template模块

from string import Template #First you will need to import 'Tempalte' class

money = dict(who = 'You', to_whom = 'baker')
Template('$who owe the $to_whom a total of $$100').substitute(money)
#
#
'You owe the baker a total of $100'

word = dict(noun = 'feed')
Template('Please don\'t stop ${noun}ing me').substitute(word)
#
#
"Please don't stop feeding me"

fact = Template('$alter_ego is weak but wait till he transforms to $superhero!')
fact.substitute(alter_ego='Bruce Banner', superhero='Hulk')
#
#
'Bruce Banner is weak but wait till he transforms to Hulk!'

hero = dict(alter_ego='Peter Parker')
fact.substitute(hero)
#
#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-244-c82f6a2ebc02> in <module>()
      1 hero = dict(alter_ego='Peter Parker')
----> 2 fact.substitute(hero)


~/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/string.py in substitute(*args, **kws)
    127             raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
    128                              self.pattern)
--> 129         return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)
    130 
    131     def safe_substitute(*args, **kws):


~/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/string.py in convert(mo)
    117             named = mo.group('named') or mo.group('braced')
    118             if named is not None:
--> 119                 val = mapping[named]
    120                 # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter will
    121                 # fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII characters.


KeyError: 'superhero'

利用：

fact.safe_substitute(hero)
#
#
'Peter Parker is weak but wait till he transforms to $superhero!'

print(number_string[::-2])
#
#
00000

常用字符串操作

#连接
string1 = 'Chocolate'
string2 = 'cookie'

snack = string1 + " " + string2
print(snack)
#
#
Chocolate cookie

然而，字符串与数字进行连接时，数字为数值型是会报错的：

cost = 15
string1 = "The total in Euro is: "

bill = string1 + cost
print(bill)
#
#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-218-7d5c5248b927> in <module>()
      2 string1 = "The total in Euro is: "
      3 
----> 4 bill = string1 + cost
      5 print(bill)


TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

如下操作就可以：


bill = string1 + str(cost)
print(bill)
#
#
The total in Euro is: 15

复制字符串可以用 * 操作：


single_word = 'hip '
line1 = single_word * 2 + 'hurray! '
print(line1 * 3)
#
#
hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!

可以用 in 和 not in 判断成员是否在字符串内：


sub_string1 = 'ice'
sub_string2 = 'glue'
string1 = 'ice cream'
if sub_string in string1:
    print("There is " + sub_string + " in " + string1)
if sub_string2 not in string1:
    print("Phew! No " + sub_string2 + " in " + string1)
#
#
There is ice in ice cream
Phew! No glue in ice cream

利用 str.capitalize()实现首字母大写：


str.capitalize('cookie')
#
#
'Cookie'

利用str.islower()判断字符串是否是小写：


snack = 'cookie'
snack.islower()
#
#
True

利用str.find(substring)返回找到子串的字符串中开头的索引：


str1 = 'I got you a cookie'
str2 = 'cook'
str1.find(str2)
#
#
12

利用str.count(substring)计算字符串中出现子字符串的次数，您也可以指定字符串的开始和结束索引：


str1 = 'I got you a cookie, do you like cookies?'
str2 = 'cookie'
str1.count(str2)
#
#
2

利用 str.isspace()判断字符串中是否有空格：


str_space = '   '
str_space.isspace()
#
#
True

str_tab = '\t'
str_tab.isspace()
#
#
True

str_nextline = '''\n'''
str_nextline.isspace()
#
#
True

利用str.lstrip() 删除字符串中的所有开头空格：


str1 = " I can't hear you. Are you alright? "
str2 = " Yes, all is good."
str3 = str1.lstrip() + str2.lstrip()
print(str3)
#
#
I can't hear you. Are you alright? Yes, all is good.

利用 str.isdigit()判断字符串是不是数字：


number_string = "1020304050"
number_string.isdigit()
#
#
True

利用str.replace(substring, new) 进行替换：


string1 = 'hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!'
string2 = string1.replace('hip', 'Hip')
print(string1)
print(string2)
#
#
hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!
Hip Hip hurray! Hip Hip hurray! Hip Hip hurray!

#定义max来指定替换最大个数
string1.replace('hip', 'Hip', 2)
#
#
'Hip Hip hurray! hip hip hurray! hip hip hurray!'

str.split(delimiter=”“) 指定符号进行字符串分割：


str.split(delimiter="")
#
#
list_dessert = string1.split(',')

字符串格式化


print("I bought %d Euro worth of %s!" %(200, 'cookies'))
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!


print("I bought {0} Euro worth of {1}!".format(200,'cookies')) #Accessing values by position
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!


print("I bought {total} Euro worth of {item}!".format(total = 200, item = 'cookies')) #Accessing values by name
#
#
I bought 200 Euro worth of cookies!


'{:#<10}'.format('Cake') #Left aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'Cake######'


'{:#^10}'.format('Cake') #Centre aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'###Cake###'


'{:#>10}'.format('Cake') #Right aligment for word 'Cake' according to right alignment, gaps filled with '#'
#
#
'######Cake'


for num in range(1,10): 
    print('{0:{width}}'.format(num, width=5), end=' ')
#
#
1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9

Template模块


from string import Template #First you will need to import 'Tempalte' class

money = dict(who = 'You', to_whom = 'baker')
Template('$who owe the $to_whom a total of $$100').substitute(money)
#
#
'You owe the baker a total of $100'


word = dict(noun = 'feed')
Template('Please don\'t stop ${noun}ing me').substitute(word)
#
#
"Please don't stop feeding me"


fact = Template('$alter_ego is weak but wait till he transforms to $superhero!')
fact.substitute(alter_ego='Bruce Banner', superhero='Hulk')
#
#
'Bruce Banner is weak but wait till he transforms to Hulk!'


hero = dict(alter_ego='Peter Parker')
fact.substitute(hero)
#
#
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-244-c82f6a2ebc02> in <module>()
      1 hero = dict(alter_ego='Peter Parker')
----> 2 fact.substitute(hero)


~/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/string.py in substitute(*args, **kws)
    127             raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
    128                              self.pattern)
--> 129         return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)
    130 
    131     def safe_substitute(*args, **kws):


~/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/string.py in convert(mo)
    117             named = mo.group('named') or mo.group('braced')
    118             if named is not None:
--> 119                 val = mapping[named]
    120                 # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter will
    121                 # fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII characters.


KeyError: 'superhero'


fact.safe_substitute(hero)
#
#
'Peter Parker is weak but wait till he transforms to $superhero!'

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专栏目录

Python中的字符串

Python String Tutorial

作者：Sejal Jaiswal 日期：January 18th, 2018

主要内容包括slicing、striding、

字符串不可变类型

字符串切片

常用字符串操作

字符串格式化

常用字符串操作

字符串格式化

作者：Sejal Jaiswal
日期：January 18th, 2018