Fraction to Recurring Decimal

Given two integers representing the numerator and denominator of a fraction, return the fraction in string format.

If the fractional part is repeating, enclose the repeating part in parentheses.

Example 1:

Input: numerator = 1, denominator = 2
Output: "0.5"

Example 2:

Input: numerator = 2, denominator = 1
Output: "2"

Example 3:

Input: numerator = 2, denominator = 3
Output: "0.(6)"

思路：这题核心考点就是后面如何处理循环小数，解决方法就是用hashmap去存分子，只有相同的分子出现的时候，才会出现循环小数，而且注意的是：分子每次都是乘以10，来进行扩充，然后除以分母；

class Solution {
    public String fractionToDecimal(int numerator, int denominator) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if((numerator < 0 && denominator > 0) || (numerator > 0 && denominator < 0)) {
            sb.append("-");
        }
        long num = Math.abs((long) numerator);
        long den = Math.abs((long) denominator);
        
        sb.append(num / den);
        num = num % den;
        if(num == 0) {
            return sb.toString();
        }
        sb.append(".");
        
        // 存分子和sb的length，是为了出现重复，直接做substring, 0.456 123 123 第二个1出现的时候就可以把123括号了；
        //      num,   len;
        HashMap<Long, Integer> hashmap = new HashMap<>();
        while(num > 0) {
            if(!hashmap.containsKey(num)) {
                hashmap.put(num, sb.toString().length());
            } else {
                int index = hashmap.get(num);
                return sb.substring(0, index) + "(" + sb.substring(index) + ")";
            }
            num *= 10;
            sb.append(num / den);
            num = num % den;
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}