首先可以明确的是static,在内存中多个对象共享同一块内存,static变量和方法不存在继承,static没有多态的概念。如下实例:
public class StaticTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Son.staticMed();
System.out.println(Son.staticStr);
System.out.println(Son.STATICFINALSTR);
new Son().staticMed();
System.out.println(new Son().staticStr);
System.out.println(new Son().STATICFINALSTR);
Par.staticMed();
System.out.println(Par.staticStr);
System.out.println(Par.STATICFINALSTR);
new Par().staticMed();
System.out.println(new Par().staticStr);
System.out.println(new Par().STATICFINALSTR);
}
/*结果显示:
sonMed
sonStr
sonFinalStr
sonMed
sonStr
sonFinalStr
parMed
parStr
parFinalStr
parMed
parStr
parFinalStr*/
}
class Par{
public static String staticStr = "parStr";
public static final String STATICFINALSTR = "parFinalStr";
public static void staticMed() {
System.out.println("parMed");
}
public void getStaticStr(){
System.out.println(staticStr);
}
}
class Son extends Par{
public static String staticStr = "sonStr";
public static final String STATICFINALSTR = "sonFinalStr";
public static void staticMed() {
System.out.println("sonMed");
}
}
此时有个疑问就来了,父类中没有static修饰,子类中static会出现什么样的结果呢?看下面这个例子:
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class StaticTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
Par par1 = new Son();
Son son1 = new Son();
System.out.println(par1.staticStr1);
System.out.println(son1.staticStr1);
System.out.println(par1.staticStr2);
System.out.println(son1.staticStr2);
Field fields[]=son1.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for(Field field: fields) {
System.out.println(Modifier.toString(field.getModifiers())
+ " " + field.getName() + ":" + field.get(son1).toString());
}
Field parFields[]=son1.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredFields();
for(Field field: parFields) {
System.out.println(Modifier.toString(field.getModifiers())
+ " " + field.getName() + ":" + field.get(son1).toString());
}
/*结果显示:
parStr1
sonStr1
parStr2
sonStr2
public static staticStr1:sonStr1
public staticStr2:sonStr2
public staticStr1:parStr1
public static staticStr2:parStr2*/
}
}
class Par{
public String staticStr1 = "parStr1";
public static String staticStr2 = "parStr2";
public void staticMed1() {
System.out.println("parMed1");
}
}
class Son extends Par{
public static String staticStr1 = "sonStr1";
public String staticStr2 = "sonStr2";
// public static void staticMed1() { //错误显示,这个的原因编程思想中有讲过,晚些过来修正
// System.out.println("sonMed1");
// }
}
**结论:**static 不参与继承、多态。
父类中没有static,子类中static,则子类继承了父类中的变量(称呼为继承变量),且自己还有一个static变量(自身变量),Java并没有提供在类外部获取继承变量的方法,但可以在子类内部通过super获得或直接利用反射。
工作中有个业务场景:子类中的static变量需要在父类中做共性操作,可以用如下实现。
public class StaticTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Par par1 = new Son();
System.out.println(par1.getStr());
par1.changeStr("change");
System.out.println(par1.getStr());
}
}
class Par{
private String staticStr1 = "parStr1";
public Par(){
String str = getStr();
//获取str后的操作
//changeStr("change");
}
public void changeStr(String str) {
setStr(str);
}
public String getStr() {
return staticStr1;
}
public void setStr(String str){
staticStr1 = str;
}
}
class Son extends Par{
public static String staticStr1 = "sonStr1";
public String getStr() {
return staticStr1;
}
public void setStr(String str){
staticStr1 = str;
}
}