UVA 624 - CD（01背包）

You have a long drive by car ahead. You have a tape recorder, but unfortunately your best music is on CDs. You need to have it on tapes so the problem to solve is: you have a tape N minutes long. How to choose tracks from CD to get most out of tape space and have as short unused space as possible.

Assumptions:

• number of tracks on the CD. does not exceed 20
• no track is longer than N minutes
• tracks do not repeat
• length of each track is expressed as an integer number
• N is also integer

Program should find the set of tracks which fills the tape best and print it in the same sequence as the tracks are stored on the CD

Input 

Any number of lines. Each one contains value N, (after space) number of tracks and durations of the tracks. For example from first line in sample data: N=5, number of tracks=3, first track lasts for 1 minute, second one 3 minutes, next one 4 minutes

Output 

Set of tracks (and durations) which are the correct solutions and string `` sum:" and sum of duration times.

Sample Input 

5 3 1 3 4
10 4 9 8 4 2
20 4 10 5 7 4
90 8 10 23 1 2 3 4 5 7
45 8 4 10 44 43 12 9 8 2

Sample Output 

1 4 sum:5
8 2 sum:10
10 5 4 sum:19
10 23 1 2 3 4 5 7 sum:55
4 10 12 9 8 2 sum:45

                                                          

题意：

求出一列数中不超过m 的最大值，要求记录输出选择的数字。

思路：

01背包问题，难点在于记录路径。使用一个数组p[i][j] 记录，注意在DP循环中关于i 的循环要逆向的， 输出答案是才能够按顺序输出。

CODE：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <map>
const int inf=0xfffffff;
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;

int a[25], dp[10005];
int p[25][10005];

int main()
{
    freopen("in", "r", stdin);
    int m, n;
    while(~scanf("%d %d", &m, &n)){
        memset(p, 0, sizeof(p));
        memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
            scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        }
        for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i){
            for(int j = m; j >= a[i]; --j){
                if(dp[j] < dp[j - a[i]] + a[i]){
                    dp[j] = dp[j - a[i]] + a[i];
                    p[i][j] = 1;
                }
            }
        }
        for(int i = 0, j = m; i < n; --i){
            if(p[i][j]) {
                printf("%d ", a[i]);
                j -= a[i];
            }
        }
        printf("sum:%d\n", dp[m]);
    }
    return 0;
}