#include <iostream>
//基类
using namespace std;
class CBase
{
protected:
int a;
public:
CBase(int na)
{
a=na;
cout<<"CBase constructor! "<<endl;
}
~CBase(){cout<<"CBase deconstructor! "<<endl;}
};
//派生类1(声明CBase为虚基类)
class CDerive1:virtual public CBase
{
public:
CDerive1(int na):CBase(na)
{
cout<<"CDerive1 constructor! "<<endl;
}
~CDerive1(){cout<<"CDerive1 deconstructor! "<<endl;}
int GetA(){return a;}
};
//派生类2(声明CBase为虚基类)
class CDerive2:virtual public CBase
{
public:
CDerive2(int na):CBase(na)
{
cout<<"CDerive2 constructor! "<<endl;
}
~CDerive2(){cout<<"CDerive2 deconstructor! "<<endl;}
int GetA(){return a;}
};
//子派生类
class CDerive12:public CDerive1,public CDerive2
{
public:
CDerive12(int na1,int na2,int na3):CDerive1(na1),CDerive2(na2),CBase(na3)
{
cout<<"CDerive12 constructor! "<<endl;
}
~CDerive12(){cout<<"CDerive12 deconstructor! "<<endl;}
};
int main()
{
CDerive12 obj(100,200,300);
//得到从CDerive1继承的值
cout<<" from CDerive1 : a = "<<obj.CDerive1::GetA();
//得到从CDerive2继承的值
cout<<" from CDerive2 : a = "<<obj.CDerive2::GetA()<<endl<<endl;
return 0;
}
参考: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26983585-id-3309645.html
http://blog.csdn.net/livelylittlefish/article/details/2171267
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a286b4e010125rk.html
c++ 引入虚基类的原因是多继承产生了二义性。
虚基类的特点:
虚基类构造函数的参数必须由最新派生出来的类负责初始化(即使不是直接继承);
虚基类的构造函数先于非虚基类的构造函数执行
虚基类的构造函数先于非虚基类的构造函数执行
在类中,如果什么都没有,则类占用1个字节,一旦类中有其他的占用空间成员,则这1个字节就不在计算之内,如一个类只有一个int则占用4字节而不是5字节。如果只有成员函数,则还是只占用1个字节,因为类函数不占用空间。
虚函数因为存在一个虚函数表,需要4个字节,数据成员对象如果为指针则为4字节,注意有字节对齐,如果为13字节,则进位到16字节空间。