1原理
使用FormAuthenticationFilter过虑器实现 ,原理如下:
将用户没有认证时,请求loginurl进行认证,用户身份和用户密码提交数据到loginurl
FormAuthenticationFilter拦截住取出request中的username和password(两个参数名称是可以配置的)
FormAuthenticationFilter调用realm传入一个token(username和password)
realm认证时根据username查询用户信息(在Activeuser中存储,包括 userid、usercode、username、menus)。
如果查询不到,realm返回null,FormAuthenticationFilter向request域中填充一个参数(记录了异常信息)
2 登陆页面
由于FormAuthenticationFilter的用户身份和密码的input的默认值(username和password),修改页面的账号和密码 的input的名称为username和password
3.登陆代码实现
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.me</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加Servlet支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加jtl支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加Spring支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加日志支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加mybatis支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc驱动包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>shiro-web</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- Spring配置文件 -->
<param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- shiro的filter -->
<!-- shiro过虑器,DelegatingFilterProxy通过代理模式将spring容器中的bean和filter关联起来 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<!-- 设置true由servlet容器控制filter的生命周期 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 设置spring容器filter的bean id,如果不设置则找与filter-name一致的bean-->
<init-param>
<param-name>targetBeanName</param-name>
<param-value>shiroFilter</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 添加对springmvc的支持 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- post乱码处理 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
<%
response.sendRedirect("first.do");
%>
login.jsp
</pre>login.jsp<div></div><p></p><pre name="code" class="html"><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/login.do" method="post">
userName:<input type="text" name="username" value="${username }"/><br/>
password:<input type="password" name="password" value="${password }"><br/>
<input type="submit" value="login"/><font color="red">${errorMsg }</font>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package cn.me.ssm.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import cn.me.ssm.exception.CustomException;
@Controller
public class LoginController {
//登陆提交地址,和applicationContext-shiro.xml中配置的loginurl一致
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// 如果登录失败从request中获取认证异常信息,shiroLoginFailure就是shiro异常类的全限定名
// 根据shiro返回的异常类路径判断,抛出指定异常信息
String exceptionClassName = (String) request.getAttribute("shiroLoginFailure");
if (exceptionClassName != null) {
if (UnknownAccountException.class.getName().equals(exceptionClassName)) {
request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "用户名不存在");
} else if (IncorrectCredentialsException.class.getName().equals(exceptionClassName)) {
request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "用户名/密码不正确");
}else {
throw new Exception();// 最终在异常处理器生成未知错误
}
}
// 此方法不处理登陆成功(认证成功),shiro认证成功会自动跳转到上一个请求路径
// 登陆失败还到login页面
request.setAttribute("username", request.getParameter("username"));
return "login";
}
}
package cn.me.ssm.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class FirstAction {
//系统首页
@RequestMapping("/first")
public String first(Model model)throws Exception{
return "/first";
}
//欢迎页面
@RequestMapping("/welcome")
public String welcome(Model model)throws Exception{
return "/welcome";
}
}
application-shiro.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 自定义Realm -->
<bean id="customRealm" class="cn.me.ssm.shiro.CustomRealm" />
<!-- 安全管理器 -->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
<property name="realm" ref="customRealm" />
</bean>
<!-- Shiro过滤器 -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<!-- Shiro的核心安全接口,这个属性是必须的 -->
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
<!-- loginUrl认证提交地址,如果没有认证将会请求此地址进行认证,请求此地址将由formAuthenticationFilter进行表单认证 -->
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login.do" />
<!-- 认证成功统一跳转到first.action,建议不配置,shiro认证成功自动到上一个请求路径 -->
<property name="successUrl" value="/first.do" />
<!-- 通过unauthorizedUrl指定没有权限操作时跳转页面 -->
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/refuse.jsp" />
<!-- Shiro连接约束配置,即过滤链的定义 -->
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
<!-- /** = anon所有url都可以匿名访问 -->
<!-- 对静态资源设置匿名访问 -->
/images/** = anon
/js/** = anon
/styles/** = anon
<!-- 验证码,可匿名访问 -->
/validatecode.jsp = anon
<!-- 请求 logout.action地址,shiro去清除session -->
/logout.action = logout
<!-- /** = authc 所有url都必须认证通过才可以访问-->
/**=authc
</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 保证实现了Shiro内部lifecycle函数的bean执行 -->
<!-- <bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor" /> -->
</beans>
退出
使用LogoutFilter
不用我们去实现退出,只要去访问一个退出的url(该 url是可以不存在),由LogoutFilter拦截住,清除session。
在applicationContext-shiro.xml配置的中添加退出url如:/logout.action = logout
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
<!-- 请求 logout.action地址,shiro去清除session -->
/logout.action = logout
</value>
</property>
授权过滤器测试
使用PermissionsAuthorizationFilter
在applicationContext-shiro.xml中配置url所对应的权限。
测试流程:
1、在applicationContext-shiro.xml中配置filter规则
<!--商品查询需要商品查询权限 -->
/items/queryItems.action = perms[item:query]
2、用户在认证通过后,请求/items/queryItems.action
3、被PermissionsAuthorizationFilter拦截,发现需要“item:query”权限
4、PermissionsAuthorizationFilter调用realm中的doGetAuthorizationInfo获取数据库中正确的权限
5、PermissionsAuthorizationFilter对item:query 和从realm中获取权限进行对比,如果“item:query”在realm返回的权限列表中,授权通过。
创建refuse.jsp
如果授权失败,跳转到refuse.jsp,需要在spring容器中配置:
<!-- Shiro过滤器 -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<!-- Shiro的核心安全接口,这个属性是必须的 -->
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager" />
<!-- loginUrl认证提交地址,如果没有认证将会请求此地址进行认证,请求此地址将由formAuthenticationFilter进行表单认证 -->
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login.do" />
<!-- 认证成功统一跳转到first.action,建议不配置,shiro认证成功自动到上一个请求路径 -->
<property name="successUrl" value="/first.do" />
<!-- 通过unauthorizedUrl指定没有权限操作时跳转页面 -->
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/refuse.jsp" />
授权问题总结
1、在applicationContext-shiro.xml中配置过虑器链接,需要将全部的url和权限对应起来进行配置,比较发麻不方便使用。
2、每次授权都需要调用realm查询数据库,对于系统性能有很大影响,可以通过shiro缓存来解决。
shiro的过虑器
过滤器简称 对应的java类
anon org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AnonymousFilter
authc org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.FormAuthenticationFilter
authcBasic org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter
perms org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PermissionsAuthorizationFilter
port org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.PortFilter
rest org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.HttpMethodPermissionFilter
roles org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.RolesAuthorizationFilter
ssl org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz.SslFilter
user org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.UserFilter
logout org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.LogoutFilter
anon:例子/admins/**=anon 没有参数,表示可以匿名使用。
authc:例如/admins/user/**=authc表示需要认证(登录)才能使用,FormAuthenticationFilter是表单认证,没有参数
perms:例子/admins/user/**=perms[user:add:*],参数可以写多个,多个时必须加上引号,并且参数之间用逗号分割,例如/admins/user/**=perms["user:add:*,user:modify:*"],当有多个参数时必须每个参数都通过才通过,想当于isPermitedAll()方法。
user:例如/admins/user/**=user没有参数表示必须存在用户, 身份认证通过或通过记住我认证通过的可以访问,当登入操作时不做检查