取上下行数据分析函数lag()和lead()

【语法】
lag(EXPR,<OFFSET>,<DEFAULT>)
LEAD(EXPR,<OFFSET>,<DEFAULT>)
【功能】表示根据COL1分组，在分组内部根据 COL2排序，而这个值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号（组内连续的唯一的）
lead （） 下一个值 lag（） 上一个值

【参数】
EXPR是从其他行返回的表达式
OFFSET是缺省为1 的正数，表示相对行数。希望检索的当前行分区的偏移量
DEFAULT是在OFFSET表示的数目超出了分组的范围时返回的值。
【说明】Oracle分析函数

【示例】
-- Create table
create table LEAD_TABLE
(
 CASEID VARCHAR2(10),
 STEPID VARCHAR2(10),
 ACTIONDATE DATE
)
tablespace COLM_DATA
 pctfree 10
 initrans 1
 maxtrans 255
 storage
 (
 initial 64K
 minextents 1
 maxextents unlimited
 );

insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step1',to_date('20070101','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step2',to_date('20070102','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step3',to_date('20070103','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step4',to_date('20070104','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step5',to_date('20070105','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step4',to_date('20070106','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step6',to_date('20070101','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case1','Step1',to_date('20070201','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case2','Step2',to_date('20070202','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into LEAD_TABLE values('Case2','Step3',to_date('20070203','yyyy-mm-dd'));
commit;
 

 

结果如下：

Case1 Step1 2007-1-1 Step2 2007-1-2
Case1 Step2 2007-1-2 Step3 2007-1-3 Step1 2007-1-1
Case1 Step3 2007-1-3 Step4 2007-1-4 Step2 2007-1-2
Case1 Step4 2007-1-4 Step5 2007-1-5 Step3 2007-1-3
Case1 Step5 2007-1-5 Step4 2007-1-6 Step4 2007-1-4
Case1 Step4 2007-1-6 Step6 2007-1-7 Step5 2007-1-5
Case1 Step6 2007-1-7 Step4 2007-1-6
Case2 Step1 2007-2-1 Step2 2007-2-2
Case2 Step2 2007-2-2 Step3 2007-2-3 Step1 2007-2-1
Case2 Step3 2007-2-3 Step2 2007-2-2

还可以进一步统计一下两者的相差天数

select caseid,stepid,actiondate,nextactiondate,nextactiondate-actiondate datebetween from (
select caseid,stepid,actiondate,lead(stepid) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) nextstepid,
lead(actiondate) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) nextactiondate,
lag(stepid) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) prestepid,
lag(actiondate) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) preactiondate
from lead_table)
结果如下：

Case1 Step1 2007-1-1 2007-1-2 1
Case1 Step2 2007-1-2 2007-1-3 1
Case1 Step3 2007-1-3 2007-1-4 1
Case1 Step4 2007-1-4 2007-1-5 1
Case1 Step5 2007-1-5 2007-1-6 1
Case1 Step4 2007-1-6 2007-1-7 1
Case1 Step6 2007-1-7
Case2 Step1 2007-2-1 2007-2-2 1
Case2 Step2 2007-2-2 2007-2-3 1
Case2 Step3 2007-2-3
 

每一条记录都能连接到上/下一行的内容

lead （） 下一个值 lag（） 上一个值

select caseid,stepid,actiondate,lead(stepid) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) nextstepid,
lead(actiondate) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) nextactiondate,
lag(stepid) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) prestepid,
lag(actiondate) over (partition by caseid order by actiondate) preactiondate
from lead_table