python第三方库——matplotlib库

1、准备工作

# These are the "Tableau 20" colors as RGB.  
tableau20 = [(31, 119, 180), (174, 199, 232), (255, 127, 14), (255, 187, 120),  
             (44, 160, 44), (152, 223, 138), (214, 39, 40), (255, 152, 150),  
             (148, 103, 189), (197, 176, 213), (140, 86, 75), (196, 156, 148),  
             (227, 119, 194), (247, 182, 210), (127, 127, 127), (199, 199, 199),  
             (188, 189, 34), (219, 219, 141), (23, 190, 207), (158, 218, 229)]  

# Scale the RGB values to the [0, 1] range, which is the format matplotlib accepts.  
for i in range(len(tableau20)):  
    r, g, b = tableau20[i]  
    tableau20[i] = (r / 255., g / 255., b / 255.)  

#设置图的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 14))
#限制坐标轴的范围，防止出现大片空白
plt.ylim(0, 90)    
plt.xlim(1968, 2014) 
＃x,y上的数据名称
plt.xlabel("x"）
plt.ylabel("y")
＃去掉上下左右的黑色框线
ax = plt.subplot(111)    
ax.spines["top"].set_visible(False)    
ax.spines["bottom"].set_visible(False)    
ax.spines["right"].set_visible(False)    
ax.spines["left"].set_visible(False) 

#坐标轴上的数字出现在上还是下，左还是右？
#ax.get_xaxis().tick_top()
ax.get_xaxis().tick_bottom()
#ax.get_yaxis().tick_left()
ax.get_yaxis().tick_right()

#调整坐标轴上的字体以及格式
plt.yticks(range(0, 91, 10), [str(x) + "%" for x in range(0,