LINUX和UNIX都拥有一个非常实用的工具--UNIX套接字,或称为本地套接字,它可以被用在进程间通讯(IPC)当中。UNIX套接字的运转机制和Internet套接字类似,主要的区别UNIX套接字只能用在一台计算机中,而Internet套接字则可以在不同的计算机之间使用。UNIX套接字定址的方式是作为本地文件系统里的一个文件。
你可能会奇怪为什么要使用UNIX套接字而不使用常规的Internet套接字呢?或许最大的原因就是安全和速度了。无论何时,当你打开任何Internet套接字的时候,你可能就帮远程的黑客打开了入侵之门。
创建
使用套接字函数socket创建,不过传递的参数与网络套接字不同。域参数应该是PF_LOCAL或者PF_UNIX,而不能用PF_INET之类。本地套接字的通讯类型应该是SOCK_STREAM或SOCK_DGRAM,协议为默认协议。例如:
int sockfd;
sockfd = socket(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
绑定
创建了套接字后,还必须进行绑定才能使用。不同于网络套接字的绑定,本地套接字的绑定的是struct sockaddr_un结构。struct sockaddr_un结构有两个参数:sun_family、sun_path。sun_family只能是AF_LOCAL或AF_UNIX,而sun_path是本地文件的路径。通常将文件放在/tmp目录下。例如:
struct sockaddr_un sun;
sun.sun_family = AF_LOCAL;
strcpy(sun.sun_path, filepath);
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&sun, sizeof(sun));
监听
本地套接字的监听、接受连接操作与网络套接字类似。
连接
连接到一个正在监听的套接字之前,同样需要填充struct sockaddr_un结构,然后调用connect函数。
连接建立成功后,我们就可以像使用网络套接字一样进行发送和接受操作了。
服务器端代码:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
int server_sockfd, client_sockfd;
int server_len, client_len;
struct sockaddr_un server_address; /*声明一个UNIX域套接字结构*/
struct sockaddr_un client_address;
int i, bytes;
char ch_send, ch_recv;
unlink ("server_socket"); /*删除原有server_socket对象*/
/*创建 socket, 通信协议为AF_UNIX, SCK_STREAM 数据方式*/
server_sockfd = socket (AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
/*配置服务器信息(通信协议)*/
server_address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
/*配置服务器信息(socket 对象)*/
strcpy (server_address.sun_path, "server_socket");
/*配置服务器信息(服务器地址长度)*/
server_len = sizeof (server_address);
/*绑定 socket 对象*/
bind (server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, server_len);
/*监听网络,队列数为5*/
listen (server_sockfd, 5);
printf ("Server is waiting for client connect...\n");
client_len = sizeof (client_address);
/*接受客户端请求; 第2个参数用来存储客户端地址; 第3个参数用来存储客户端地址的大小*/
/*建立(返回)一个到客户端的文件描述符,用以对客户端的读写操作*/
client_sockfd = accept (server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_address, (socklen_t *)&client_len);
if (client_sockfd == -1) {
perror ("accept");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("The server is waiting for client data...\n");
for (i = 0, ch_send = '1'; i < 5; i++, ch_send++) {
if ((bytes = read (client_sockfd, &ch_recv, 1)) == -1) {
perror ("read");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("The character receiver from client is %c\n", ch_recv);
sleep (1);
if ((bytes = write (client_sockfd, &ch_send, 1)) == -1) {
perror ("read");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
close (client_sockfd);
unlink ("server socket");
}
客户端代码:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_un address;
int sockfd;
int len;
int i, bytes;
int result;
char ch_recv, ch_send;
/*创建socket,AF_UNIX通信协议,SOCK_STREAM数据方式*/
if ((sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
perror ("socket");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
address.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy (address.sun_path, "server_socket");
len = sizeof (address);
/*向服务器发送连接请求*/
result = connect (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, len);
if (result == -1) {
printf ("ensure the server is up\n");
perror ("connect");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0, ch_send = 'A'; i < 5; i++, ch_send++) {
if ((bytes = write(sockfd, &ch_send, 1)) == -1) { /*发消息给服务器*/
perror ("write");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sleep (2); /*休息二秒钟再发一次*/
if ((bytes = read (sockfd, &ch_recv, 1)) == -1) { /*接收消息*/
perror ("read");
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf ("receive from server data is %c\n", ch_recv);
}
close (sockfd);
return (0);
}
如果服务器和客户端依次运行,可以在两边看到输出:
服务器端:
./sock_local_server
Server is waiting for client connect...
The server is waiting for client data...
The character receiver from client is A
The character receiver from client is B
The character receiver from client is C
The character receiver from client is D
The character receiver from client is E
./sock_local_client
receive from server data is 1
receive from server data is 2
receive from server data is 3
receive from server data is 4
receive from server data is 5