C++11中的便利工具--chrono库(处理日期和时间)

chrono is the name of a header, but also of a sub-namespace: All the elements in this header (except for the common_type specializations) are not defined directly under the std namespace (like most of the standard library) but under the std::chrono namespace.

The elements in this header deal with time. This is done mainly by means of three concepts:

Durations
They measure time spans, like: one minute, two hours, or ten milliseconds.
In this library, they are represented with objects of the duration class template, that couples a count representation and a period precision (e.g., ten milliseconds has ten as count representation and milliseconds as period precision).

Time points
A reference to a specific point in time, like one’s birthday, today’s dawn, or when the next train passes.
In this library, objects of the time_point class template express this by using a duration relative to an epoch (which is a fixed point in time common to all time_point objects using the same clock).

Clocks
A framework that relates a time point to real physical time.
The library provides at least three clocks that provide means to express the current time as a time_point: system_clock, steady_clock and high_resolution_clock.

记录时长的duration
duration表示一段时间间隔，用来记录时间长度，可以表示几秒、几分钟或者几个小时的时间间隔。
原型：

template <class Rep, class Period = ratio<1> >
class duration;