业务开发测试HBase之旅三：通过Java Api与HBase交互

引言
HBase提供了Java Api的访问接口，掌握这个就跟Java应用使用RDBMS时需要JDBC一样重要，本文将继续前两篇文章中blog表的示例，介绍常用的Api。
练习前的准备工作

• 创建一个Maven工程，加入以下依赖：


<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
<artifactId>hbase</artifactId>
<version>0.90.2</version>
</dependency>
如果你的Maven库里还没有hbase，还需要配置下repository
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>cloudera</id>
<url>https://repository.cloudera.com/content/groups/public</url>
</repository>
</repositories>

• 确保HBase环境已启动且能连接到，将HBase环境的hbase-site.xml文件拷贝到上述工程的src/test/resources目录

加载配置
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
// conf.addResource("hbase
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(conf); -site-cluster.xml");//可以指定文件加载
创建表
/**========创建表=========*/
HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor("blog");
desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("article"));
desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("author"));
admin.createTable(desc );
增加记录
/**=========插入数据=========*/
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("title"), Bytes.toBytes("Head First HBase"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("content"), Bytes.toBytes("HBase is the Hadoop database. Use it when you need random, realtime read/write access to your Big Data."));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("tags"), Bytes.toBytes("Hadoop,HBase,NoSQL"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("name"), Bytes.toBytes("hujinjun"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"), Bytes.toBytes("一叶渡江"));
table.put(put);
知识点回顾：RowKey 和 ColumnName 是二进制值（Java 类型 byte[]），value 是一个字节数组（Java类型 byte[]）
根据RowKey查询
/**=========根据rowkey
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1")); 查询数据=========*/
Result result = table.get(get);
for(KeyValue kv :result.list()){
System.out.println("family:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getFamily()));
System.out.println("qualifier:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getQualifier()));
System.out.println("value:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getValue()));
System.out.println("Timestamp:" +kv.getTimestamp());
}
遍历查询与迭代
/**=========遍历查询=========*/
Scan scan = new Scan();
ResultScanner rs =null;
try {
rs = table.getScanner(scan);
for (Result r : rs) {
for(KeyValue kv :r.list()){
System.out.println("family:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getFamily()));
System.out.println("qualifier:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getQualifier()));
System.out.println("value:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getValue()));
}
}
} finally {
rs.close();
}
知识点回顾：
更新练习
/**=========更新=========*/
//查询更新前的值
Get get2 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(table.get(get2).list().get(0).getValue()),is("一叶渡江"));
//更新nickname为yedu
Put put2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("1")); :
put2.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"), Bytes.toBytes("yedu"));
table.put(put2);
//查询更新结果
Get get3 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get3.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(table.get(get3).list().get(0).getValue()),is("yedu"));
//查询nickname的多个(本示例为2个)版本值
Get get4 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get4.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
get4.setMaxVersions(2);
List results = table.get(get4).list();
assertThat(results.size(),is(2));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(results.get(0).getValue()),is("yedu"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(results.get(1).getValue()),is("一叶渡江"));
删除记录
/**=========删除记录=========*/
//删除指定column
Delete deleteColumn = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
deleteColumn.deleteColumns(Bytes.toBytes("author"),Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
table.delete(deleteColumn);
assertThat( table.get(get4).list(),nullValue());
//删除所有column
Delete deleteAll = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
table.delete(deleteAll);
assertThat(table.getScanner(scan).next(),nullValue());
删除表
/**=========删除表=========*/
admin.disableTable("blog");
admin.deleteTable("blog");
assertThat(admin.tableExists("blog"),is(false));
完整代码示例
public class HBase {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();//默认加载classpath下hbase
// conf.addResource("-site.xml
hbase
conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(conf); -site-cluster.xml");//指定文件加载
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);//HBaseAdmin负责跟表相关的操作如create,drop等
HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes("blog"));//HTabel负责跟记录相关的操作如增删改查等
/**========创建表=========*/
HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor("blog");
desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("article"));
desc.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("author"));
admin.createTable(desc );
/**=========插入数据=========*/
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("title"), Bytes.toBytes("Head First HBase"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("content"), Bytes.toBytes("HBase is the Hadoop database. Use it when you need random, realtime read/write access to your Big Data."));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("article"), Bytes.toBytes("tags"), Bytes.toBytes("Hadoop,HBase,NoSQL"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("name"), Bytes.toBytes("hujinjun"));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"), Bytes.toBytes("一叶渡江"));
table.put(put);
/**=========根据rowkey
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1")); 查询数据=========*/
Result result = table.get(get);
for(KeyValue kv :result.list()){
System.out.println("family:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getFamily()));
System.out.println("qualifier:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getQualifier()));
System.out.println("value:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getValue()));
System.out.println("Timestamp:" +kv.getTimestamp());
}
/**=========遍历查询=========*/
Scan scan = new Scan();
ResultScanner rs =null;
try {
rs = table.getScanner(scan);
for (Result r : rs) {
for(KeyValue kv :r.list()){
System.out.println("family:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getFamily()));
System.out.println("qualifier:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getQualifier()));
System.out.println("value:" +Bytes.toString(kv.getValue()));
}
}
} finally {
rs.close();
}
/**=========更新=========*/
//查询更新前的值
Get get2 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get2.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(table.get(get2).list().get(0).getValue()),is("一叶渡江"));
//更新nickname为yedu
Put put2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("1")); :
put2.add(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"), Bytes.toBytes("yedu"));
table.put(put2);
//查询更新结果
Get get3 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get3.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(table.get(get3).list().get(0).getValue()),is("yedu"));
//查询nickname的多个(本示例为2个)版本值
Get get4 = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
get4.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("author"), Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
get4.setMaxVersions(2);
List results = table.get(get4).list();
assertThat(results.size(),is(2));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(results.get(0).getValue()),is("yedu"));
assertThat(Bytes.toString(results.get(1).getValue()),is("一叶渡江"));
/**=========删除记录=========*/
//删除指定column
Delete deleteColumn = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
deleteColumn.deleteColumns(Bytes.toBytes("author"),Bytes.toBytes("nickname"));
table.delete(deleteColumn);
assertThat( table.get(get4).list(),nullValue());
//删除所有column
Delete deleteAll = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
table.delete(deleteAll);
assertThat(table.getScanner(scan).next(),nullValue());
/**=========删除表=========*/
admin.disableTable("blog");
admin.deleteTable("blog");
assertThat(admin.tableExists("blog"),is(false));
}
}

可以看到上面代码我们用了两次for循环来遍历迭代。

HTable的存储结构

小结
本文介绍了Java api创建、删除表，及记录的增删改查，还是以练习为主，也可作为速查手册（比如看如何迭代查询结果），对HBase的基本概念及操作就介绍到这里，后面将介绍如何使用MapReduce对HBase数据进行分布式计算。