java实现base64编码和解码

编码规则：1、将3个字节转为4个字节，即每6个字节一组，高位补0

                   2、原字节长度不是3的整数倍，结果串末尾使用=号补齐

以下是使用java代码的是实现

public class Base64 {   
	/**    
 	* byte数组中单个字节对应的字符     
	 * */
	
    private static final char[] intToBase64 = {
        'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J',
        'K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T',
        'U','V','W','X','Y','Z','a','b','c','d',
        'f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o',
        'p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y',
        'z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8',
        '9','+','/'
    };
    
    /**
     * 字符ASCII码对应intToBase64中的位置     
     * */    
     private static final int[] base64Toint = {
        -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,
     	-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,
     	-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,
     	-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,
     	-1,-1,-1,62,-1,-1,-1,63,52,53,
     	54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,-1,-1,
     	-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,0 ,1 ,2 ,3 , 4,
     	5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10,11,12,13,14,
     	15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,
     	25,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,26,27,28,
     	29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,
     	39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,
     	49,50,51    
     }        
     /**     
     * base64加密     
     * 1、将byte数据每3个字节为一组，转成4个字节，单个字节上高位补0     
     * 2、每个字节上获得的数字从intToBase64中找到要转成的对应字符     
     * 3、判断分组是否是3的整数倍，如果不是，末尾使用=补齐     
     * */    
     public static String encode(byte[] a) {		
	     int totalLen = a.length;		
	     int groupNum = a.length/3;		
	     int lastGroup = totalLen - groupNum*3;		
	     int index = 0;		
	     StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();		
	     for (int i = 0; i < groupNum ; i++) {			
	     	int first = a[index++] & 0xff;			
	     	int second = a[index++] & 0xff;			
	     	int third = a[index++] & 0xff;						
	     	result.append(intToBase64[first >> 2]);			
	     	result.append(intToBase64[(first << 4) & 0x3f | second >> 4]);		
	     	result.append(intToBase64[(second << 2) & 0x3f | third >> 6]);			
	     	result.append(intToBase64[third & 0x3f]);					
	     }						
	     if(lastGroup != 0) {			
	     	int first = a[index++] & 0xff;			
	     	result.append(intToBase64[first >> 2]);		
	     	if(lastGroup == 1) {			
	     		result.append(intToBase64[(first << 4) & 0x3f]);				
	     		result.append("==");			
	     	}else{				
	     		int second = a[index++] & 0xff;				
	     		result.append(intToBase64[(first << 4) & 0x3f | second >> 4]);				
	     		result.append(intToBase64[(second << 2) & 0x3f]);				
	     		result.append("=");			
	     	}				
	     }		
	     return result.toString();	
    }		
    /**
     * base64解密	 
     * 1、将字符串每4个字符一组，分别找到字符在intToBase64中对应的位置	 
     * 2、将每个位置的高2位舍弃，即生成3个字节的byte	 
     * 3、判断字符串末尾是否没填充过，是的话将填充部分舍弃，原部分按以上规则生成byte	 
     * */	
     public static byte[] decode(String s) {
     	int strlen = s.length();		
     	int groupNum = strlen / 4;		
     	if(groupNum * 4 != strlen) {			
     		throw new IllegalArgumentException("String length must be a multiple of 4.");		
     	}				
     	int lastMissingNum = 0;		
     	int numFullGroup = groupNum;		
     	if(strlen != 0) {			
     		if(s.charAt(strlen - 1) == '=') {				
     			lastMissingNum ++;				
     			numFullGroup --;			
     		}			
	     	if(s.charAt(strlen - 2) == '=') {				
	     		lastMissingNum ++;			
	     	}		
     	}				
     	byte[] result = new byte[groupNum*3 - lastMissingNum];
     	int charIndex = 0;		
     	int resultIndex = 0;		
     	for (int i = 0; i < numFullGroup; i++) {			
     		int char0 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
     		int char1 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
     		int char2 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
     		int char3 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
     		result[resultIndex++] = (byte)(char0 << 2 | char1 >> 4);			
     		result[resultIndex++] = (byte)(char1 << 4 | char2 >> 2);			
     		result[resultIndex++] = (byte)(char2 << 6 | char3);		
     	}				
 		if(lastMissingNum != 0) {			
 			int char0 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
 			int char1 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));			
 			result[resultIndex++] = (byte)(char0 << 2 | char1 >> 4);			
 			if(lastMissingNum == 1) {				
 				int char2 = base64Toint(s.charAt(charIndex++));				
 				result[resultIndex++] = (byte)(char1 << 4 | char2 >> 2);			
 			}		
 		}		
 		return result;	
     }
     /**
     * 根据字符查找在intToBase64中的位置
     **/
     private static int base64Toint(char c) {
		int index = base64Toint[c];
		if(index < 0) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal character " + c);
		}
		return index;
	}
}