pandas 中Series的map函数

Series的map方法可以接受一个函数或含有映射关系的字典型对象。
使用map是一种实现元素级转换以及其他数据清理工作的便捷方式。
（DataFrame中对应的是applymap()函数，当然DataFrame还有apply()函数）

1.字典映射

import pandas as pd
from pandas import Series, DataFrame

data = DataFrame({'food':['bacon','pulled pork','bacon','Pastrami',
            'corned beef','Bacon','pastrami','honey ham','nova lox'],
                  'ounces':[4,3,12,6,7.5,8,3,5,6]})
meat_to_animal = {
    'bacon':'pig',
    'pulled pork':'pig',
    'pastrami':'cow',
    'corned beef':'cow',
    'honey ham':'pig',
    'nova lox':'salmon'    }  

data['animal'] = data['food'].map(str.lower).map(meat_to_animal) 
data   

data['food'].map(lambda x: meat_to_animal[x.lower()])             

2.应用函数

In [579]: import pandas as pd

In [580]: from pandas import Series, DataFrame

In [581]: index = pd.date_range('2017-08-15', periods=10)

In [582]: ser = Series(list(range(10)), index=index)

In [583]: ser
Out[583]: 
2017-08-15    0
2017-08-16    1
2017-08-17    2
2017-08-18    3
2017-08-19    4
2017-08-20    5
2017-08-21    6
2017-08-22    7
2017-08-23    8
2017-08-24    9
Freq: D, dtype: int64


In [585]: ser.index.map(lambda x: x.day)
Out[585]: Int64Index([15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24], dtype='int64')

In [586]: ser.index.map(lambda x: x.weekday)
Out[586]: Int64Index([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 0, 1, 2, 3], dtype='int64')

In [587]: ser.map(lambda x: x+10)
Out[587]: 
2017-08-15    10
2017-08-16    11
2017-08-17    12
2017-08-18    13
2017-08-19    14
2017-08-20    15
2017-08-21    16
2017-08-22    17
2017-08-23    18
2017-08-24    19
Freq: D, dtype: int64

In [588]: def f(x):
     ...:     if x < 5:
     ...:         return True
     ...:     else:
     ...:         return False
     ...:     

In [589]: ser.map(f)
Out[589]: 
2017-08-15     True
2017-08-16     True
2017-08-17     True
2017-08-18     True
2017-08-19     True
2017-08-20    False
2017-08-21    False
2017-08-22    False
2017-08-23    False
2017-08-24    False
Freq: D, dtype: bool