Objective-C中谓词(NSPredicate)的应用

让我们来了解一下OC中的一种谓词，即NSPredicate，其中NSPredicate定义了一个逻辑查询条件，可以用来过滤数组中的元素，创建NSPredicate对象可以通过+predicateWithFormat:arguments:方法实现，在oc中为：

+(NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)format arguments:(va_list)argList

谓词操作是针对于数组类型的，他就好比数据库中的查询操作，我们根据给定的数据源按条件进行查询，数据源就是数组，这样的好处是我们不需要编写很多代码就可以去操作数组，同时也起到过滤的作用，我们可以编写简单的谓词语句，就可以从数组中过滤出我们想要的数据。下面看看博主自己写的用来测试的代码：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Student : NSObject


//Student类的属性
//名字
@property NSString *name;
//年龄
@property int age;
//成绩
@property int score;


//用于初始化Student对象的类方法
+(Student *)initWithStudent:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age andScore:(int)score;

@end

@implementation Student

+(Student *)initWithStudent:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age andScore:(int)score
{
    Student *student = [[Student alloc] init];
    student.name = name;
    student.age = age;
    student.score = score;
    return student;
}


//重写description方法，用于输出Student对象的信息
-(NSString *)description
{
    NSString *s = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"student:name = %@,age = %d,score = %d",_name,_age,_score];
    return s;
}

@end


int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        //创建含有10个学生信息的数组（一个数组元素包含学生名字、年龄、成绩）
        NSArray *stu = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"2" andAge:21 andScore:98],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"1" andAge:21 andScore:90],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"3" andAge:23 andScore:99],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"5" andAge:22 andScore:89],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"4" andAge:20 andScore:85],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"6" andAge:21 andScore:80],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"7" andAge:19 andScore:92],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"8" andAge:22 andScore:81],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"10" andAge:23 andScore:96],
                        [Student initWithStudent:@"9" andAge:20 andScore:86], nil];

        //查询成绩为90分或者90分以上的学生信息
        //创建谓词对象，包含过滤的条件
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"score >= %d",90];
        //使用谓词条件过滤数组中的元素，过滤后，并且返回查询的结果
        NSArray *array = [stu filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        //输出查询的结果
        NSLog(@"array = %@",array);

        //查询年龄大于20岁的学生信息
        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age > %d",20];
        array = [stu filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"array = %@",array);

        //查询年龄大于20岁且成绩为90分或者90分以上的学生信息
        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age > %d && score >= %d",20,90];
        array = [stu filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"array = %@",array);
    }
    return 0;
}

运行结果截图：

再来看看博主写的另一个测试代码，包含了查询数组中含有某个特定元素，或者查询以某个字符开头的数组元素，如下：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Person : NSObject

@property NSString *name;
@property int age;
@property NSString *sex;

@end
@implementation Person

+(Person *)initWithPerson:(NSString *)name andAge:(int)age andSex:(NSString *)sex
{
    Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
    person.name = name;
    person.age = age;
    person.sex = sex;
    return person;
}

-(NSString *)description
{
    NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"Person:name = %@,age = %d,sex = %@",_name,_age,_sex];
    return str;
}

@end



int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSArray *person = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaobo" andAge:22 andSex:@"男"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaojin" andAge:23 andSex:@"男"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaohong" andAge:21 andSex:@"女"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaolan" andAge:19 andSex:@"女"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaoming" andAge:20 andSex:@"男"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"Bob" andAge:24 andSex:@"男"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"qianqian" andAge:20 andSex:@"女"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"minmin" andAge:18 andSex:@"女"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xiaozhou" andAge:22 andSex:@"男"],
                           [Person initWithPerson:@"xinlei" andAge:23 andSex:@"女"], nil];
        //查询age > 20的person信息
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age > %d",20];
        NSArray *array1 = [person filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"array1 = %@",array1);


        NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"one",@"two",@"three",@"four",@"five",@"six",@"seven",@"eight",@"nine",@"ten", nil];
        //查询含有字符‘t’的数组元素
        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF contains[c] 't'"];
        NSArray *array2 = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"array2 = %@",array2);

        //查询以字符‘t’开头的数组元素
        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF beginswith[c] 't'"];
        NSArray *array3 = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"array3 = %@",array3);


    }
    return 0;
}

运行结果截图：

以上是博主学习oc中用到谓词（NSPredicate）来查询符合条件的数组也即按条件过滤数组的总结，谢谢读者的浏览。