iOS Objective-C 谓词（十）

首先申明下，本文为笔者学习《Objective-C 基础教程》的笔记，并加入笔者自己的理解和归纳总结。

NSPredicate类，指定过滤器的条件，筛选每个对象，判断它们是否与条件相匹配。

1. 创建谓词

predicateWithFormat:创建一个谓词。

+ (id)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)format...;

evaluateWithObject:接受对象，根据指定的对象计算自身的值。

- (BOOL)evaluateWithObject:(id)value;

filteredArrayUsingPredicate:是NSArray数组中的一种类别方法，它将过滤数组内容

@interface ShapeBounds : NSObject {
    int width;
    int height;
}

@property int width;
@property int height;

@end

@implementation ShapeBounds

@synthesize width;
@synthesize height;

- (NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"(%d, %d)", width, height];
}

@end

@interface Shape : NSObject {
    ShapeBounds *bounds;
}

@property (readwrite, retain) ShapeBounds *bounds;

@end

@implementation Shape

@synthesize bounds;

- (id)init {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        bounds = [[ShapeBounds alloc] init];
    }
    return self;
}

- (NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Shape bounds = %@", bounds];
}	
@end

Shape * createShape(int width, int height) {
    Shape *shape = [[Shape alloc] init];

    shape.bounds.width = width;
    shape.bounds.height = height;

    return shape;
}

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        ShapeBounds *bounds = [[ShapeBounds alloc] init];
        bounds.width = 20;
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width == 20"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject true");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"bounds.width == 20"];
        NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:4];
        [array addObject:createShape(20, 30)];
        [array addObject:createShape(40, 50)];
        [array addObject:createShape(20, 45)];

        NSArray *result = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"%@", result);
    }
    return 0;
}

输出

evaluateWithObject true
(
    "Shape bounds = (20, 30)",
    "Shape bounds = (20, 45)"
)

2. 格式说明符

可以在谓词字符串中用格式说明符。

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width == %d", 20];

%K指定关键路径

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K == %d", @"width", 20];

$符号用来指定变量，在NSDictionary中添加数据，使用predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:构造新的谓词。

predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width == $WIDTH"];
predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:dict];

示例

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        ShapeBounds *bounds = [[ShapeBounds alloc] init];
        bounds.width = 20;
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width == %d", 20];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject true");
        }

        NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
                @"%K == %d", @"width", 20];
        if ([predicate1 evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject true");
        }

        NSPredicate *predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
                @"width == $WIDTH"];
        NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: 
                [NSNumber numberWithInt:20], @"WIDTH", nil];
        NSPredicate *predicate2 = [predicateTemplate 
                predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:dict];
        if ([predicate2 evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject true");
        }

    }
    return 0;
}

输出

evaluateWithObject true
evaluateWithObject true
evaluateWithObject true

3. 运算符

谓语字符串支持比较运算符(>，>=，<，<=和!=)和逻辑运算符(AND、OR和NOT)。

int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        ShapeBounds *bounds = [[ShapeBounds alloc] init];
        bounds.width = 20;
        bounds.height = 30;
        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width > 10"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject >");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width < 30"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject <");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width != 30"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject !=");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
                @"(width == 20) AND (height == 30)"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject AND");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width BETWEEN {10, 30}"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject BETWEEN");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"width IN {10, 20, 30}"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject IN");
        }

        // SELF是响应谓词计算的对象
        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF.width IN {10, 20, 30}"];
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:bounds]) {
            NSLog(@"evaluateWithObject IN");
        }

        predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF IN {'Tom', 'Mike'}"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Tom", @"July", nil];
        NSArray *result = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
        NSLog(@"%@", result);
    }
    return 0;
}

输出

evaluateWithObject >
evaluateWithObject <
evaluateWithObject !=
evaluateWithObject AND
evaluateWithObject BETWEEN
evaluateWithObject IN
evaluateWithObject IN
(
    Tom
)