Java中句柄初始化的三种方法

(1) 在那个类的构建器中。

(2) 在对象定义的时候。这意味着它们在构建器调用之前肯定能得到初始化。

(3) 紧靠在要求实际使用那个对象之前。这样做可减少不必要的开销——假如对象并不需要创建的话。

源码：

// (1) Constructor initialization with composition
class Soap {
	private String s;
	Soap() {
		System.out.println("Soap()");
		s = new String("Constructed");
	}
	public String toString() {
		return s;
	}
}

public class Bath {

	//(2) Initializing at point of definition
	private String s1 = new String("Happy"),
			s2 = "Happy", s3, s4;
	
	Soap castile;
	int i;
	float toy;
	Bath() {
		System.out.println("Inside Bath()");
		s3 = new String("Joy");
		i = 47;
		toy = 3.14f;
		castile = new Soap();
	}
	
	void print() {
		// (3) Delayed initialization :
		if(s4 == null)
			s4 = new String("Joy");
		prt("s1 = " + s1);
		prt("s2 = " + s2);
		prt("s3 = " + s3);
		prt("s4 = " + s4);
		prt("i = " + i);
		prt("toy = " + toy);
		prt("castile = " + castile);
	} 
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Bath b = new Bath();
		b.print();
	}
	
	static void prt(String s) {
		System.out.println(s);
	}	
	
}

运行结果：