Python 日期操作

1、前言

 python 日期操作包括时间戳转换、日期格式转换、日期排序、相对时间加减等。开发中发现这部分工作经常涉及，代码重复利用率高。所以基于python time包、datetime包、dateuitl包、还有其他实现的代码，总结一些关于日期的常用操作，也希望对其他同学有帮助。

2、代码

# coding=utf8

import re
from collections import OrderedDict
from dateutil.parser import parse
import datetime
import time


class DateType(object):
    YMD = '%Y-%m-%d'
    YMD_HMS = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'


class DateParser(object):
    """
    日期型转为字符串的函数为: datetime.datetime.strftime()；
    字符串转为日期型的函数为: datetime.datetime.strptime()
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.pattern = re.compile(
            r"((?:19|20)?\d{2})[-.]?((?:[0-1]?|1)[0-9])[-.]?((?:[0-3]?|[1-3])[0-9])?$"
        )

    def __cutDate(self, date, flags):
        y = date.year
        m = date.month if flags[1] else 1
        d = date.day if flags[2] else 1
        return datetime.date(y, m, d)

    def __mergeFlags(self, flags1, flags2):
        l = []
        length = min(len(flags1), len(flags2))
        for i in range(0, length):
            if flags1[i] and flags2[i]:
                l.append(True)
            else:
                l.append(False)
        return l

    def parse(self, strdate):
        m = self.pattern.match(strdate)
        flags = [False, False, False]
        if m:
            matches = list(m.groups())
            flags = list(map(lambda x: True if x != None else False, matches))
            results = list(map(lambda x: int(x) if x != None else 1, matches))
            if results[0] < 100:
                if results[0] > 9:
                    results[0] += 1900
                else:
                    results[0] += 2000

            return datetime.date(results[0], results[1], results[2]), flags
        else:
            return None

    def convert(self, strdate, format):
        date = self.parse(strdate)
        if date:
            date = date[0]
            return datetime.date.strftime(date, format)
        else:
            return None

    @classmethod
    def count_time(cls, start_time, date_format, end_time=datetime.datetime.now()):
        """
        1. 给定日期,计算和当前日期的差距
        """
        start_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(start_time, date_format)
        return (end_time - start_time).days

    @classmethod
    def find_min_date(cls, date_list, date_format):
        """
        1. 找到最小的日期
        """
        min_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_list[0], date_format)
        for date in date_list:
            date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, date_format)
            if (min_date - date).days > 0:
                min_date = date
        return min_date.strftime(date_format)

    @classmethod
    def sort_date_dict(cls, date_dict, date_format, DESC=True):
        """
        1. 对日期进行排序
        2. 输入是字典类型。
        3. 默认降序方式
        """
        res_dic = sorted(date_dict.iteritems(),
                         key=lambda d: datetime.datetime.strptime(d[0], date_format), reverse=DESC)
        dic = OrderedDict()
        for res in res_dic:
            dic[res[0]] = res[1]
        return dic

    @classmethod
    def sort_date_list(cls, date_list, date_format, DESC=True):
        """
        1. 对日期进行排序
        2. 输入是列表类型。
        3. 默认降序方式
        """
        res_list = sorted(date_list, key=lambda date: datetime.datetime.strptime(date, date_format), reverse=DESC)
        return res_list

    @classmethod
    def is_valid_date(cls, str, date_format):
        """
        http://www.jb51.net/article/66014.htm
        判断是否是一个有效的日期字符串
        """
        try:
            time.strptime(str, date_format)
            return True
        except:
            return False


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print DateParser().convert("19901", "%Y.%m")

    print DateParser().sort_date_dict({'2010-04-01': '122', '2010-04-03': '2342', '2010-10-02': 'wfwe'}, DateType.YMD)

    test_list1 = ['2010-04-01', '2010-04-03', '2010-04-02']
    test_list2 = ['2010-04-02 00:10:00', '2010-04-03 00:00:00', '2010-04-02 00:19:10']
    print DateParser().sort_date_list(test_list1, DateType.YMD)
    print DateParser().sort_date_list(test_list2, DateType.YMD_HMS)

    print DateParser().find_min_date(test_list1, DateType.YMD)
    print DateParser().count_time('2010-04-01', DateType.YMD)

    # 返回当前年、月、日
    print "年:", datetime.datetime.now().year, "月:", datetime.datetime.now().month, "日:", datetime.datetime.now().day

    # 两个日期的时间差
    delta = datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 7) - datetime.datetime(2008, 6, 24, 8, 15)
    print "天:", delta.days, "秒:", delta.seconds

    # 相对时间减法
    print "日期相减1天", (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    print "日期相减1小时", (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=-1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    print "日期相减1分钟", (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=-1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    print "日期相减1秒钟", (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=-1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

    # 日期转字符串
    print str(datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 7))

    # TODO dateuitl 包学习
    """
    dateutil 几乎可以解析人类能够理解的所有日期格式
    """
    print parse('2011-01-02')
    print parse('2011/01/02')
    print parse('20110102')
    print parse('201101')
    print parse('jan 31, 10:45 PM 1997')
    print parse('01/02/2011')
    print parse('01/02/2011', dayfirst=True)

    # 生成指定日期格式的时间,该日期时间为string
    date_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    print date_time

    # 把指定格式的日期时间转为时间戳
    timestamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(date_time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
    print timestamp
    print type(timestamp)

    # 将时间戳转为指定格式的时间
    print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(timestamp))

    # 判断字符串是否为指定格式的日期格式
    print DateParser().is_valid_date('2010-04-01', DateType.YMD)

3、运行结果

1990.01
OrderedDict([(‘2010-10-02’, ‘wfwe’), (‘2010-04-03’, ‘2342’), (‘2010-04-01’, ‘122’)])
[‘2010-04-03’, ‘2010-04-02’, ‘2010-04-01’]
[‘2010-04-03 00:00:00’, ‘2010-04-02 00:19:10’, ‘2010-04-02 00:10:00’]
2010-04-01
2600
年: 2017 月: 5 日: 14
天: 926 秒: 56700
日期相减1天 2017-05-13 23:30:58
日期相减1小时 2017-05-14 22:30:58
日期相减1分钟 2017-05-14 23:29:58
日期相减1秒钟 2017-05-14 23:30:57
2011-01-07 00:00:00
2011-01-02 00:00:00
2011-01-02 00:00:00
2011-01-02 00:00:00
2001-11-20 00:00:00
1997-01-31 22:45:00
2011-01-02 00:00:00
2011-02-01 00:00:00
2017-05-14 23:30:58
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