自旋锁(获取自旋锁->临界区->释放自旋锁)
自旋锁的名称源于它的工作原理:尝试获取一个自旋锁,如果锁空闲就获取该自旋锁并继续向下执行;如果锁已被占用就循环检测该锁是否被释放(原地打转直到锁被释放)
只有在占用锁的时间极短的情况下使用;不能递归使用一个自旋锁(形成死锁);占用锁时不能使用可能引起进程调度的函数,如copy_xx_user()、kmalloc()、msleep()…
自旋锁主要针对SMP或单CPU抢占内核的情况,而对于单CPU非抢占内核自旋锁退化为空操作
自旋锁不能阻止中断对临界区的访问,但可以使用带关中断功能的变体解决这一问题
自旋锁的使用流程:
自旋锁接口函数:
#include <linux/spinlock.h> //自旋锁头文件
定义自旋锁变量
struct spinlock my_spinlock; 或spinlock_t my_spinlock;
spin_lock_init(&my_spinlock); //自旋锁初始化
获得自旋锁(可自旋等待,可被软、硬件中断)
void spin_lock(spinlock_t *my_spinlock);
获得自旋锁(可自旋等待,保存中断状态并 关闭软、硬件中断)
void spin_lock_irqsave(spinlock_t *my_spinlock,unsigned long flags);
释放自旋锁,退出临界区
void spin_unlock(spinlock_t *lock)void spin_unlock_irqrestore(spinlock_t *lock,unsigned long flags)
尝试获得自旋锁(不自旋等待,成功返回1、失败则返回0)
int spin_trylock(spinlock_t *lock)
总结:
实例代码:
驱动端:
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h> /*S5PV210_GPH3_BASE*/
#define EINT_DEVICE_ID 1
#define DRIVER_NAME "key_eint_race"
#define err(msg) printk(KERN_ERR "%s: " msg "\n", DRIVER_NAME)
#define __debug(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##arg)
#define GPH3CON (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE+ 0x00)
#define GPH3DAT (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE + 0x04)
#define GPH2UP (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH2_BASE + 0x08)
static int major = 0; /* Driver Major Number */
static int minor = 0; /* Driver Minor Number */
struct class *key_class;
static struct device *key_device;
static unsigned int key;
static spinlock_t my_spin_lock; //
static unsigned int deal_key_value(unsigned int data)
{
key = data;
udelay(1000);
return key;
}
static unsigned int deal_key_value_excl(unsigned int data)
{
unsigned int value;
unsigned long flag;
/*
* 自旋锁解决了SMP多处理的并发问题,对于内核的抢占也可以起到关闭的作用,
* 可仍没有解决中断产生的并发问题,但是不用担心,我们可以采用spin_lock
* 的变体spin_lock_irqsave函数完成同时关中断的功能
*
* 注意:此处用自旋锁并不合理,因为我们的临界区udelay了1ms(时间很长),
* 但我们本例子的目的是验证自旋锁的作用,在实际编程中要特别注意
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&my_spin_lock,flag); //获取自旋锁
value =deal_key_value(data);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&my_spin_lock,flag); //释放自旋锁
return value;
}
irqreturn_t buttons_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
deal_key_value_excl((unsigned int)dev_id);
//__debug("in eint function...\n");
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static void key_io_port_init(void)
{
unsigned long reg_val;
reg_val = readl(GPH3CON);
reg_val &= ~((0x0f<<0) | (0x0f<<4));
reg_val |= ((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<4));
writel(reg_val, GPH3CON);
reg_val = readl(GPH3DAT);
reg_val &= ~((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<1));
writel(reg_val, GPH3DAT);
reg_val = readl(GPH2UP);
reg_val &= ~(0x03<<8);
reg_val |= 0x02<<8;
writel(reg_val, GPH2UP);
}
static ssize_t key_read(struct file *filp, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
int key_num;
int cpy_len;
int retval;
key_num = deal_key_value_excl(current->pid);
cpy_len = min(sizeof(key_num), count);
retval = copy_to_user(buf, &key_num, cpy_len);
return (cpy_len - retval);
}
/* Driver Operation structure */
static struct file_operations key_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = key_read,
};
static int __init key_eint_init(void)
{
int retval;
key_io_port_init();
spin_lock_init(&my_spin_lock);
//__debug("in key_eint_init\n");
retval = set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT(20),IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING);
if(retval){
err("IRQ_EINT20 set irq type failed");
goto error;
}
retval = request_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), buttons_interrupt, IRQF_DISABLED,
"KEY1", (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
if(retval){
err("request eint20 failed");
goto error;
}
/* Driver register */
major = register_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME, &key_fops);
if(major < 0){
err("register char device fail");
retval = major;
goto error_register;
}
key_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,DRIVER_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(key_class)){
err("class create failed!");
retval = PTR_ERR(key_class);
goto error_class;
}
key_device=device_create(key_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL,DRIVER_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(key_device)){
err("device create failed!");
retval = PTR_ERR(key_device);
goto error_device;
}
__debug("register myDriver OK! Major = %d\n", major);
return 0;
error_device:
class_destroy(key_class);
error_class:
unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
error_register:
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
error:
return retval;
}
static void __exit key_eint_exit(void)
{
//__debug("in key_eint_exit\n");
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
device_destroy(key_class,MKDEV(major, minor));
class_destroy(key_class);
return;
}
module_init(key_eint_init);
module_exit(key_eint_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Eric");
应用层:
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h> /*S5PV210_GPH3_BASE*/
#define EINT_DEVICE_ID 1
#define DRIVER_NAME "key_eint_race"
#define err(msg) printk(KERN_ERR "%s: " msg "\n", DRIVER_NAME)
#define __debug(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##arg)
#define GPH3CON (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE+ 0x00)
#define GPH3DAT (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH3_BASE + 0x04)
#define GPH2UP (unsigned long)(S5PV210_GPH2_BASE + 0x08)
static int major = 0; /* Driver Major Number */
static int minor = 0; /* Driver Minor Number */
struct class *key_class;
static struct device *key_device;
static unsigned int key;
static spinlock_t my_spin_lock; //
static unsigned int deal_key_value(unsigned int data)
{
key = data;
udelay(1000);
return key;
}
static unsigned int deal_key_value_excl(unsigned int data)
{
unsigned int value;
unsigned long flag;
/*
* 自旋锁解决了SMP多处理的并发问题,对于内核的抢占也可以起到关闭的作用,
* 可仍没有解决中断产生的并发问题,但是不用担心,我们可以采用spin_lock
* 的变体spin_lock_irqsave函数完成同时关中断的功能
*
* 注意:此处用自旋锁并不合理,因为我们的临界区udelay了1ms(时间很长),
* 但我们本例子的目的是验证自旋锁的作用,在实际编程中要特别注意
*/
spin_lock_irqsave(&my_spin_lock,flag); //获取自旋锁
value =deal_key_value(data);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&my_spin_lock,flag); //释放自旋锁
return value;
}
irqreturn_t buttons_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
deal_key_value_excl((unsigned int)dev_id);
//__debug("in eint function...\n");
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static void key_io_port_init(void)
{
unsigned long reg_val;
reg_val = readl(GPH3CON);
reg_val &= ~((0x0f<<0) | (0x0f<<4));
reg_val |= ((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<4));
writel(reg_val, GPH3CON);
reg_val = readl(GPH3DAT);
reg_val &= ~((0x01<<0) | (0x01<<1));
writel(reg_val, GPH3DAT);
reg_val = readl(GPH2UP);
reg_val &= ~(0x03<<8);
reg_val |= 0x02<<8;
writel(reg_val, GPH2UP);
}
static ssize_t key_read(struct file *filp, char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
int key_num;
int cpy_len;
int retval;
key_num = deal_key_value_excl(current->pid);
cpy_len = min(sizeof(key_num), count);
retval = copy_to_user(buf, &key_num, cpy_len);
return (cpy_len - retval);
}
/* Driver Operation structure */
static struct file_operations key_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = key_read,
};
static int __init key_eint_init(void)
{
int retval;
key_io_port_init();
spin_lock_init(&my_spin_lock);
//__debug("in key_eint_init\n");
retval = set_irq_type(IRQ_EINT(20),IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING);
if(retval){
err("IRQ_EINT20 set irq type failed");
goto error;
}
retval = request_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), buttons_interrupt, IRQF_DISABLED,
"KEY1", (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
if(retval){
err("request eint20 failed");
goto error;
}
/* Driver register */
major = register_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME, &key_fops);
if(major < 0){
err("register char device fail");
retval = major;
goto error_register;
}
key_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,DRIVER_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(key_class)){
err("class create failed!");
retval = PTR_ERR(key_class);
goto error_class;
}
key_device=device_create(key_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, minor), NULL,DRIVER_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(key_device)){
err("device create failed!");
retval = PTR_ERR(key_device);
goto error_device;
}
__debug("register myDriver OK! Major = %d\n", major);
return 0;
error_device:
class_destroy(key_class);
error_class:
unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
error_register:
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
error:
return retval;
}
static void __exit key_eint_exit(void)
{
//__debug("in key_eint_exit\n");
free_irq(IRQ_EINT(20), (void *)EINT_DEVICE_ID);
unregister_chrdev(major, DRIVER_NAME);
device_destroy(key_class,MKDEV(major, minor));
class_destroy(key_class);
return;
}
module_init(key_eint_init);
module_exit(key_eint_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Eric");
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
/*Linux内核是抢占式内核,在一个系统调用未结束前,另一个系统调用也可以进入进程上下文,访问同一缓冲区*/
int main(void)
{
int status;
pid_t pid;
//打开文件raceStation
int fd_driver;
if((fd_driver = open("/dev/key_eint_race", O_RDWR)) < 0){
printf("file open error\n");
exit(1);
}
//创建子进程
if((pid = fork()) < 0){
perror("fork:");
exit(1);
}
else if(pid == 0){ //判断如果是子进程
int num;
while(1){
read(fd_driver,&num,sizeof(num));
printf("the num value is <son-%d>: %d\n",getpid(), num);
// usleep(50*1000);
}
close(fd_driver);
}else{ //判断如果是父进程
int num;
while(1){
read(fd_driver,&num,sizeof(num));
printf("the num value is <father-%d>: %d\n",getpid(), num);
// usleep(50*1000);
}
pid = wait(&status);
close(fd_driver);
}
}