用API实现串口异步读写

 VB的MSCOMM控件虽然很好用，但是在没有装VB的机器上用该控件总觉得有些累赘，网上的VB API代码大部分都基于是同步方式，处理复杂的通信模式不是太理想，所以用了一些时间，把VC项目中的异步串口读写代码翻译为VB格式。

在VB新建一个类，把下面的代码复制后即可使用

 

' *************************************************************************
' **模 块 名：SerialPort
' **说    明：YFsoft 版权所有2006 - 2007(C)
' **创 建 人：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 14:32:29
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **描    述：串口异步读写(API)
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Option   Explicit

Private  Type ComStat
    fCtsHold  As   Long
    fDsrHold  As   Long
    fRlsdHold  As   Long
    fXoffHold  As   Long
    fXoffSent  As   Long
    fEof  As   Long
    fTxim  As   Long
    fReserved  As   Long
    cbInQue  As   Long
    cbOutQue  As   Long
End  Type

Private  Type COMMTIMEOUTS
    ReadIntervalTimeout  As   Long
    ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier  As   Long
    ReadTotalTimeoutConstant  As   Long
    WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier  As   Long
    WriteTotalTimeoutConstant  As   Long
End  Type

Private  Type DCB
    DCBlength  As   Long
    BaudRate  As   Long
     ' DWORD DCBlength;      /* sizeof(DCB)                     */
     ' DWORD BaudRate;       /* Baudrate at which running       */
     ' DWORD fBinary: 1;     /* Binary Mode (skip EOF check)    */
     ' DWORD fParity: 1;     /* Enable parity checking          */
     ' DWORD fOutxCtsFlow:1; /* CTS handshaking on output       */
     ' DWORD fOutxDsrFlow:1; /* DSR handshaking on output       */
     ' DWORD fDtrControl:2;  /* DTR Flow control                */
     ' DWORD fDsrSensitivity:1; /* DSR Sensitivity              */
     ' DWORD fTXContinueOnXoff: 1; /* Continue TX when Xoff sent */
     ' DWORD fOutX: 1;       /* Enable output X-ON/X-OFF        */
     ' DWORD fInX: 1;        /* Enable input X-ON/X-OFF         */
     ' DWORD fErrorChar: 1;  /* Enable Err Replacement          */
     ' DWORD fNull: 1;       /* Enable Null stripping           */
     ' DWORD fRtsControl:2;  /* Rts Flow control                */
     ' DWORD fAbortOnError:1; /* Abort all reads and writes on Error */
     ' DWORD fDummy2:17;      /* Reserved                        */
    fBitFields  As   Long   ' See Comments in Win32API.Txt
    wReserved  As   Integer
    XonLim  As   Integer
    XoffLim  As   Integer
    ByteSize  As   Byte
    Parity  As   Byte
    StopBits  As   Byte
    XonChar  As   Byte
    XoffChar  As   Byte
    ErrorChar  As   Byte
    EofChar  As   Byte
    EvtChar  As   Byte
    wReserved1  As   Integer   ' Reserved; Do Not Use
End  Type

Private  Type OVERLAPPED
    Internal  As   Long
    InternalHigh  As   Long
    offset  As   Long
    OffsetHigh  As   Long
    hEvent  As   Long
End  Type

Private  Type SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
    nLength  As   Long
    lpSecurityDescriptor  As   Long
    bInheritHandle  As   Long
End  Type

Private   Declare   Function  CloseHandle  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hObject  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  GetLastError  Lib   " kernel32 "  ()  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  ReadFile  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpBuffer  As  Any,  ByVal  nNumberOfBytesToRead  As   Long , lpNumberOfBytesRead  As   Long , lpOverlapped  As  OVERLAPPED)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  WriteFile  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpBuffer  As  Any,  ByVal  nNumberOfBytesToWrite  As   Long , lpNumberOfBytesWritten  As   Long , lpOverlapped  As  OVERLAPPED)  As   Long   ' OVERLAPPED
Private   Declare   Function  SetCommTimeouts  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpCommTimeouts  As  COMMTIMEOUTS)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  GetCommTimeouts  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpCommTimeouts  As  COMMTIMEOUTS)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  BuildCommDCB  Lib   " kernel32 "   Alias   " BuildCommDCBA "  ( ByVal  lpDef  As   String , lpDCB  As  DCB)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  SetCommState  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hCommDev  As   Long , lpDCB  As  DCB)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  GetCommState  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  nCid  As   Long , lpDCB  As  DCB)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  CreateFile  Lib   " kernel32 "   Alias   " CreateFileA "  ( ByVal  lpFileName  As   String ,  ByVal  dwDesiredAccess  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwShareMode  As   Long ,  ByVal  lpSecurityAttributes  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwCreationDisposition  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwFlagsAndAttributes  As   Long ,  ByVal  hTemplateFile  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  FlushFileBuffers  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  CreateEvent  Lib   " kernel32 "   Alias   " CreateEventA "  (lpEventAttributes  As  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,  ByVal  bManualReset  As   Long ,  ByVal  bInitialState  As   Long ,  ByVal  lpName  As   String )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  SetCommMask  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwEvtMask  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  SetEvent  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hEvent  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  PurgeComm  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwFlags  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  ClearCommError  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpErrors  As   Long , lpStat  As  ComStat)  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  GetOverlappedResult  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long , lpOverlapped  As  OVERLAPPED, lpNumberOfBytesTransferred  As   Long ,  ByVal  bWait  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  WaitForSingleObject  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hHandle  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwMilliseconds  As   Long )  As   Long
Private   Declare   Function  SetupComm  Lib   " kernel32 "  ( ByVal  hFile  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwInQueue  As   Long ,  ByVal  dwOutQueue  As   Long )  As   Long

Private   Const  GENERIC_WRITE  =   & H40000000
Private   Const  GENERIC_READ  =   & H80000000
Private   Const  OPEN_EXISTING  =   3
Private   Const  FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL  =   & H80
Private   Const  FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED  =   & H40000000
Private   Const  DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE  =   & H0
Private   Const  RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE  =   & H1
Private   Const  PURGE_RXABORT  =   & H2
Private   Const  PURGE_RXCLEAR  =   & H8
Private   Const  PURGE_TXABORT  =   & H1
Private   Const  PURGE_TXCLEAR  =   & H4
Private   Const  ERROR_IO_PENDING  =   997
Private   Const  STATUS_WAIT_0  =   & H0
Private   Const  WAIT_OBJECT_0  =  (STATUS_WAIT_0  +   0 )
Private   Const  WAIT_TIMEOUT  =   258 &

Private  m_Handle  As   Long
Private  m_OverlappedRead  As  OVERLAPPED
Private  m_OverlappedWrite  As  OVERLAPPED

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：OpenPort
' **输    入：ComNumber(Long)     - 串口号
' **        ：Comsettings(String) - 配置信息
' **输    出：(Long) - 0 成功 非 0 失败
' **功能描述：打开串口
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 14:40:14
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  OpenPort(ComNumber  As   Long , Comsettings  As   String ,  Optional  lngInSize  As   Long   =   1024 ,  Optional  lngOutSize  As   Long   =   512 )  As   Long
     On   Error   GoTo  handelinitcom
     Dim  retval  As   Long
     Dim  CtimeOut  As  COMMTIMEOUTS, dcbs  As  DCB
     Dim  strCOM  As   String , strConfig  As   String

    strCOM  =   " /.COM "   &   Format (ComNumber,  " 0 " )
    m_Handle  =  CreateFile(strCOM, GENERIC_READ  Or  GENERIC_WRITE,  0 ,  0 & , OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL  Or  FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,  0 )
     If  m_Handle  =   - 1   Then
        OpenPort  =   - 1
         Exit Function
     End   If

     ' 设置dcb块
    dcbs.DCBlength  =   Len (dcbs)                            ' 长度
     Call  GetCommState(m_Handle, dcbs)

     ' 波特率,奇偶校验,数据位,停止位  如：9600,n,8,1
    strConfig  =   " COM "   &   Format (ComNumber,  " 0 " )  &   " : "   &  Comsettings
     Call  BuildCommDCB(strConfig, dcbs)

     ' ------------------------------
     '     dcbs.fBinary = 1                          '二进制方式
     '     dcbs.fOutxCtsFlow = 0                     '不用CTS检测发送流控制
     '     dcbs.fOutxDsrFlow = 0                     '不用DSR检测发送流控制
     '     dcbs.fDtrControl = DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE    '禁止DTR流量控制
     '     dcbs.fDsrSensitivity = 0                  '对DTR信号线不敏感
     '     dcbs.fTXContinueOnXoff = 1                '检测接收缓冲区
     '     dcbs.fOutX = 0                            '不做发送字符控制
     '     dcbs.fInX = 0                             '不做接收控制
     '     dcbs.fErrorChar = 0                       '是否用指定字符替换校验错的字符
     '     dcbs.fNull = 0                            '保留NULL字符
     '     dcbs.fRtsControl = RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE     '允许RTS流量控制
     '     dcbs.fAbortOnError = 0                    '发送错误后，继续进行下面的读写操作
     '     dcbs.fDummy2 = 0                          '保留
    dcbs.fBitFields  =   1   *   2   ^   0   Or  DTR_CONTROL_DISABLE  *   2   ^   4   Or   1   *   2   ^   7   Or  RTS_CONTROL_ENABLE  *   2   ^   12

    dcbs.wReserved  =   0                          ' 没有使用，必须为0
    dcbs.XonLim  =   0                             ' 指定在XOFF字符发送之前接收到缓冲区中可允许的最小字节数
    dcbs.XoffLim  =   0                            ' 指定在XOFF字符发送之前缓冲区中可允许的最小可用字节数
    dcbs.XonChar  =   0                            ' 发送和接收的XON字符
    dcbs.XoffChar  =   0                           ' 发送和接收的XOFF字符
    dcbs.ErrorChar  =   0                          ' 代替接收到奇偶校验错误的字符
    dcbs.EofChar  =   0                            ' 用来表示数据的结束
    dcbs.EvtChar  =   0                            ' 事件字符，接收到此字符时，会产生一个事件
     ' dcbs.wReserved1 = 0                      '没有使用
     ' dcbs.BaudRate =9600                      '波特率
     ' dcbs.Parity=0                            '奇偶校验
     ' dcbs.ByteSize=8                          '数据位
     ' dcbs.StopBits=0                          '停止位
     ' ------------------------------

     If  dcbs.Parity  =   0   Then                     '  0-4=None,Odd,Even,Mark,Space
        dcbs.fBitFields  =  dcbs.fBitFields  And   & HFFFD      ' dcbs.fParity = 0                      '奇偶校验无效
     Else
        dcbs.fBitFields  =  dcbs.fBitFields  Or   & H2          ' dcbs.fParity = 1                      '奇偶校验有效
     End   If

     ' 超时设置
    CtimeOut.ReadIntervalTimeout  =   20                    ' 0
    CtimeOut.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant  =   1                ' 2500
    CtimeOut.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier  =   1              ' 0
    CtimeOut.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant  =   10              ' 2500
    CtimeOut.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier  =   1             ' 0
    
    retval  =  SetCommTimeouts(m_Handle, CtimeOut)

     If  retval  =   - 1   Then
        retval  =  GetLastError()
        OpenPort  =  retval
        retval  =  CloseHandle(m_Handle)
         Exit Function
     End   If

     ' 获取信号句柄
     Dim  lpEventAttributes1  As  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
     Dim  lpEventAttributes2  As  SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES

    m_OverlappedRead.hEvent  =  CreateEvent(lpEventAttributes1,  1 ,  0 ,  0 )
    m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent  =  CreateEvent(lpEventAttributes2,  1 ,  0 ,  0 )

     ' 判断设置参数是否成功   设置输入和输出缓冲区是否成功
     If  SetCommState(m_Handle, dcbs)  =   - 1   Or  SetupComm(m_Handle, lngInSize, lngOutSize)  =   - 1   Or  m_OverlappedRead.hEvent  =   0   Or  m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent  =   0   Then
        retval  =  GetLastError()
        OpenPort  =  retval
         If  (m_OverlappedRead.hEvent  <>   0 )  Then  CloseHandle (m_OverlappedRead.hEvent)
         If  (m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent  <>   0 )  Then  CloseHandle (m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent)
         Call  CloseHandle(m_Handle)
        m_Handle  =   0
         Exit Function
     End   If

    OpenPort  =   0
     Exit Function
handelinitcom:
     Call  CloseHandle(m_Handle)
    m_Handle  =   0
    OpenPort  =   - 2
     Exit Function
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：ClosePort
' **输    入：无
' **输    出：(Long) - 0 成功 -1 失败
' **功能描述：关闭串口
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 14:56:13
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  ClosePort()  As   Long
     If  (m_Handle  =   0 )  Then
        ClosePort  =   1
         Exit Function
     End   If

     Call  SetCommMask(m_Handle,  0 )
     Call  SetEvent(m_OverlappedRead.hEvent)
     Call  SetEvent(m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent)

     If  (m_OverlappedRead.hEvent  <>   0 )  Then  CloseHandle (m_OverlappedRead.hEvent)
     If  (m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent  <>   0 )  Then  CloseHandle (m_OverlappedWrite.hEvent)

     If  CloseHandle(m_Handle)  <>   0   Then
        ClosePort  =   0
     Else
        ClosePort  =   - 1
     End   If

    m_Handle  =   0
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：ClearInBuf
' **输    入：无
' **输    出：无
' **功能描述：清空输入缓冲区
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 14:57:26
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  ClearInBuf()  As   Long
     If  (m_Handle  =   0 )  Then
        ClearInBuf  =   1
         Exit Function
     End   If
     Call  PurgeComm(m_Handle, PURGE_RXABORT  Or  PURGE_RXCLEAR)
    ClearInBuf  =   0
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：ClearOutBuf
' **输    入：无
' **输    出：(Long) -
' **功能描述：清空输出缓冲区
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 15:40:38
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  ClearOutBuf()  As   Long
     If  (m_Handle  =   0 )  Then
        ClearOutBuf  =   1
         Exit Function
     End   If
     Call  PurgeComm(m_Handle, PURGE_TXABORT  Or  PURGE_TXCLEAR)
    ClearOutBuf  =   0
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：SendData
' **输    入：bytBuffer()(Byte) - 数据
' **        ：lngSize(Long)     - 数据长度
' **输    出：(Long) -
' **功能描述：发送数据
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 15:43:42
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  SendData(bytBuffer()  As   Byte , lngSize  As   Long )  As   Long
     On   Error   GoTo  ToExit  ' 打开错误陷阱
     ' ------------------------------------------------
     If  (m_Handle  =   0 )  Then
        SendData  =   1
         Exit Function
     End   If

     Dim  dwBytesWritten  As   Long
     Dim  bWriteStat  As   Long
     Dim  ComStats  As  ComStat
     Dim  dwErrorFlags  As   Long

    dwBytesWritten  =  lngSize

     Call  ClearCommError(m_Handle, dwErrorFlags, ComStats)
    bWriteStat  =  WriteFile(m_Handle, bytBuffer( 0 ), lngSize, dwBytesWritten, m_OverlappedWrite)

     If  bWriteStat  =   0   Then
         If  GetLastError()  =  ERROR_IO_PENDING  Then
             Call  GetOverlappedResult(m_Handle, m_OverlappedWrite, dwBytesWritten,  1 )                    ' 等待直到发送完毕
         End   If
     Else
        dwBytesWritten  =   0
     End   If

    SendData  =  dwBytesWritten
     ' ------------------------------------------------
     Exit Function
     ' ----------------
ToExit:
    SendData  =   - 1
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：ReadData
' **输    入：bytBuffer()(Byte) - 数据
' **        ：lngSize(Long)     - 数据长度
' **输    出：(Long) -
' **功能描述：读取数据
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 16:04:38
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Public   Function  ReadData(bytBuffer()  As   Byte , lngSize  As   Long ,  Optional  Overtime  As   Long   =   3000 )  As   Long
     On   Error   GoTo  ToExit  ' 打开错误陷阱
     ' ------------------------------------------------
     If  (m_Handle  =   0 )  Then
        ReadData  =   1
         Exit Function
     End   If

     Dim  lngBytesRead  As   Long
     Dim  fReadStat  As   Long
     Dim  dwRes   As   Long

    lngBytesRead  =  lngSize

     ' 读数据
    fReadStat  =  ReadFile(m_Handle, bytBuffer( 0 ), lngSize, lngBytesRead, m_OverlappedRead)
     If  fReadStat  =   0   Then
         If  GetLastError()  =  ERROR_IO_PENDING  Then                             ' 重叠 I/O 操作在进行中
            dwRes  =  WaitForSingleObject(m_OverlappedRead.hEvent, Overtime)   ' 等待，直到超时
             Select   Case  dwRes
             Case  WAIT_OBJECT_0:    ' 读完成
                 If  GetOverlappedResult(m_Handle, m_OverlappedRead, lngBytesRead,  0 )  =   0   Then
                     ' 错误
                    ReadData  =   - 2
                     Exit Function
                 End   If
             Case  WAIT_TIMEOUT:     ' 超时
                ReadData  =   - 1
                 Exit Function
             Case   Else :                   ' WaitForSingleObject 错误
             End   Select
         End   If
     End   If
    ReadData  =  lngBytesRead
     ' ------------------------------------------------
     Exit Function
     ' ----------------
ToExit:
    ReadData  =   - 1
End Function

' *************************************************************************
' **函 数 名：Class_Terminate
' **输    入：无
' **输    出：无
' **功能描述：
' **全局变量：
' **调用模块：
' **作    者：叶帆
' **日    期：2006-08-17 16:36:21
' **修 改 人：
' **日    期：
' **版    本：V1.0.0
' *************************************************************************
Private   Sub  Class_Terminate()
     Call  ClosePort
End Sub