一、管道读写注意点
1.只有在管道读端存在时,向管道写入才有意义;否则,会收到内核中的出错信号:SIFPIPE
2.向管道写入数据时不保证写入的原子性,管道缓冲区一有空闲区域,写进程就试图向其写入内容。若读进程不读取管道中的内容,则写进程会一直阻塞。
3.父子进程在运行时,它们的先后顺序得不到保证。因此在这里,为保证父进程关闭读描述符,可向子进程加入sleep(2)。
二、实例
1.无名管道
/*pipe_rw.c*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int pipe_fd[2];
pid_t pid;
char buf_r[100];
char* p_wbuf;
int r_num;
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0)
{
printf("pipe create error\n");
return -1;
}
if((pid=fork())==0) //若是子进程
{
printf("\n");
/*关闭子进程管道写端。睡眠2秒,确保父进程已相应地关闭了管道读端*/
close(pipe_fd[1]);
sleep(2);
/*子进程读取管道内容*/
if((r_num=read(pipe_fd[0],buf_r,100))>0){
printf( "%d numbers read from the pipe is %s\n",r_num,buf_r);
}
/*关闭子进程读端*/
close(pipe_fd[0]);
exit(0);
}
else if(pid>0)
{ /*关闭父进程读端*/
close(pipe_fd[0]);
/*分两次向管道写入数据*/
if(write(pipe_fd[1],"Hello",5)!=-1)
printf("parent write1 success!\n");
if(write(pipe_fd[1]," Pipe",5)!=-1)
printf("parent write2 success!\n");
/*关闭父进程写端并睡眠3秒,让子进程读数据*/
close(pipe_fd[1]);
sleep(3);
/*收集子进程退出信息*/
waitpid(pid,NULL,0);
exit(0);
}
}
运行结果如下:
[root@localhost ipc]# ./pipe_rw
parent write1 success!
parent write2 success!
10 numbers read from the pipe is Hello Pipe
2.有名管道
/*fifo_write.c*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO_SERVER "/tmp/myfifo"
main(int argc,char** argv)
{
int fd;
char w_buf[100];
int nwrite;
if(fd==-1)
if(errno==ENXIO)
printf("open error; no reading process\n");
/*打开有名管道,并设置为非阻塞*/
fd=open(FIFO_SERVER,O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
if(argc==1)
printf("Please send something\n");
strcpy(w_buf,argv[1]);
/*向管道写入字符串*/
if((nwrite=write(fd,w_buf,100))==-1)
{
if(errno==EAGAIN)
printf("The FIFO has not been read yet.Please try later\n");
}
else
printf("write %s to the FIFO\n",w_buf);
}
/*fifo_read.c*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"
main(int argc,char** argv)
{
char buf_r[100];
int fd;
int nread;
/*创建有名管道,并设置相应的权限*/
if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");
printf("Preparing for reading bytes...\n");
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
/*打开有名管道,并设置非阻塞标志*/
fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
if(fd==-1)
{
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
/*读取管道中的字符串*/
if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))==-1){
if(errno==EAGAIN)
printf("no data yet\n");
}
printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);
sleep(1);
}
pause();
unlink(FIFO);
}
运行结果:
终端1:
[root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_write 123123
write 123123 to the FIFO
终端2:
[root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_read
Preparing for reading bytes...
read from FIFO
read from FIFO
read from FIFO
read from FIFO
read from FIFO
read 123123 from FIFO
read from FIFO