转自:http://school.21tx.com/2009/03/24/14160.html
CAML(Collaborative Application Markup Language)——协作应用程序标记语言,在调用WSS提供的诸多Web Service时进行数据查询的一组XML规范,通过这种规范组织查询语句进行数据的检索。我在这里不想再具体介绍CAML的使用规范和具体语法了,读者在MSDN或者园子里的其它文章中都可以了解到。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms462365.aspx
http://www.cnblogs.com/shanqian/archive/2008/09/25/859513.HTML
这里我想给出我在项目实际应用中所积累的有关使用CAML查询语句时所解决的问题。
1. Sharepoint的List中允许创建Document和Folder两种类型的数据,在查询时如何查出非Folder类型的数据?
1 <Query>
2 <Where>
3 <Neq>
4 <FIEldRef Name="ContentType"/>
5 <Value Type="Text">Folder</Value>
6 </Neq>
7 </Where>
8 </Query>
当服务器上安装有WSS的多语言包时,根据不同的语言ContentType的值也会有不同的写法,可以借助CAML工具或者在WSS查询返回的报文中查看一下,确认ContentType的具体类型名称。
2. 如何查询List中Lookup类型的字段的值?
Loopup类型的字段在数据库中相当于外键,数据格式如1;#title1;#2;#title2,查询时可以按照下面的CAML。
例如:Loopup类型的字段 ProjectID ,数据:3;#Project1;#2;#Project2
1 <Query>
2 <Where>
3 <Eq>
4 <FieldRef Name="ProjectID" />
5 <Value Type="Lookup">Project1</Value>
6 </Eq>
7 </Where>
8 </Query>
Value中只需要填写外键所对应的名称,而不用填写外键所对应的id。如果只知道id而不知道名称则可以使用下面的CAML。
1 <Query>
2 <Where>
3 <Eq>
4 <FieldRef Name="ProjectID" LookupId="TRUE" />
5 <Value Type="Text">3</Value>
6 </Eq>
7 </Where>
8 </Query>
3. Lists.GetListItems()方法中的参数。
对于该方法中参数的详解,读者可以参考MSDN:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/websvclists.lists.getlistitems.aspx
这里对参数的几点用法做一些说明:
listName | 要查询的List的名称,也可以为List的GUID,不能为空。 |
viewName | 一般都为空。 |
query | 标准CAML查询语句,可以为空,<Query></Query> |
viewFields | 要查询的字段,可以为空,<ViewFields></ViewFields> |
rowLimit | 返回的记录条数,默认为100,如果不需要限制,将值设为0 。 |
queryOptions | 查询选项设置,所涉及到的选项比较多,可以参考MSDN。 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/websvclists.lists.getlistitems.aspx 如果要查询List中Folder下的文档,则必须添加递归选项。 <QueryOptions>
|
webID | 可选参数。具体用法查看MSDN。 |
List的GUID可以通过调用Lists.GetListAndView()方法,在返回的报文中获取到。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/websvclists.lists.getlistandview.aspx
4. 搜集到的List中字段的属性,包括字段的Type。
ID | The ID is a globally unique identifier (GUID) which you should generate for each field. This ID will be used in lists when referencing the site column | |
Type | The type indicates the data type of the column and can be of the any following: | |
AllDayEvent | The all day event flag is used in calendar lists. | |
Attachments | The URL of an attachment. | |
Boolean | A boolean indicator with Yes/No. | |
Calculated | Indicates that the column is a calculated column based on a expression. | |
Choice | Indicates that the column is choice from a list of items | |
Computed | Indicates the field's value is dependant on another field's value. | |
ContentTypeId | A Content Type ID value. | |
Counter | An internal unique ID's / counter for each item. | |
Currency | A currency value (its format depends on the locale). | |
DateTime | A Date and Time field. | |
File | A file object when used in document libraries. | |
GridChoice | A rating scale as used in surveys | |
Guid | A globally unique identifier. | |
Integer | An integer number field. | |
Lookup | The field is a lookup which is a choice, however the choice is from another list. | |
LookupMulti | A lookup field, however multiple selections are allowed. | |
ModStat | An approval status. | |
MultiChoice | A choice field, however multiple selections are allowed | |
Note | Multiple lines of text which can be plain or formatted. | |
Number | A numerical field which allows decimal places. | |
PageSeparator | A page separator field, for surveys. | |
Recurrence | An indicator that identifies the field as a reoccurring calendar event. | |
Text | A single line of text | |
ThreadIndex | The ID of a discussion thread. | |
Threading | Indicates the field supports threading (in discussions). | |
URL | A Unified Resource Locator (URL) is stored. | |
User | A person or group. | |
UserMulti | A person or group, however multiple people or groups can be selected. | |
WorkflowEventType | Contains the type of workflow history event (used in workflow history list). | |
WorkflowStatus | The status of a workflow is stored. | |
Title | The name of the field as displayed in the user interface. This title may be set using a resource file. | |
Name | (optional) The name of the field which should be guaranteed to never change. The default is the Title with spaces and invalid characters removed. | |
StaticName | (optional) The logical name of the field which is similar to Name, however this can be programmatically changed. | |
DisplayName | (optional) See title. | |
Description | (optional) A description of the field which will be displayed in front ends. The description can be placed into a resource file. | |
Required | (optional) Indicates whether or not the field is mandatory. The default is FALSE. | |
MaxLength | (optional) The maximum number of characters allowed. | |
Hidden | (optional) Indicates that the field should be hidden from the interface. If TRUE, this field will not be shown on views or forms. The default is FALSE. | |
Readonly | (optional) The field should be read-only and can be displayed and not edited. The default is FALSE. | |
ShowInDisplayForm | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown on a display form. The default is TRUE. | |
ShowInEditForm | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown on an edit form. The default is TRUE. | |
ShowInListSettings | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown in the list settings screen. The default is TRUE. | |
ShowInNewForm | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown on a New form. The default is TRUE. | |
ShowInVersionHistory | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown in the version history of an item. The default is TRUE. | |
ShowInViewForms | (optional) Indicates whether the field should be shown on a view form. The default is TRUE. | |
Group | (optional) A group name allowing you to group fields together. |
5. Customer List中的列名变化?
在Customer List中创建一个新列时,Sharepoint同时给它赋予了内部名称(FieldInternalName)和外部名称(FieldName),初始状态下内部名称和外部名称是相同的,当我们修改了List的列名时,外部名称被修改了,而内部名称则不变,为了防止在使用时出现找不到列的错误,必须在CAML中使用内部名称作为列名。可以借助CAML工具查找列的内部名称,也可以在List的新建记录页面中查看源代码,搜索显示的列名,找到类似于下面的代码段,FieldInternalName的值即为该列的内部名称。
<!-- FieldName="Area"
FieldInternalName="Title"
FieldType="SPFieldText"
-->
6. 两个小工具,用于检测或生成CAML,对List的管理和查看报文的具体信息。实际项目应用中会很有用哦:)
U2U Caml Query Builder 2007 v3.1.0.0 (windows version)
CAML的使用过程中还是会遇到很多问题的,以后遇到再逐渐补上吧!