c++11新特性--auto

auto 关键字

自动帮助推导类型

auto i = 5    // i will be of type int

int n=3;
double pi=3.14;
auto j=pi*n;    // j will be of type double

类型更难写的例子

 // take a hypothetical Map of ( int and an map(int,int) )
  map< int, map<int,int> > _Map;
  // see the verbose for defining a const iterator of this map
map<int, map<int,int>>::const_iterator itr1 = _Map.begin();
 // now with auto our life gets simplified
const auto itr2 = _Map.begin(); 

类型更难知晓的例子

template<class U, class V>
void Somefunction(U u, V v)
{ 
    ??? result = u*v; // now what would be the type of result ??? 

    // with auto we leave the compiler to determine the type
    auto result = u*v;
 }

新特性要点总结

①我们可以使用valatile，pointer（*），reference（&），rvalue reference（&&） 来修饰auto

auto k = 5;
auto* pK = new auto(k);
auto** ppK = new auto(&k);
const auto n = 6; 

②用auto声明的变量必须初始化

auto m; // m should be intialized  

③auto不能与其他类型组合连用

auto int p; // no way

④函数和模板参数不能被声明为auto

void MyFunction(auto parameter){} // no auto as method argument 

template<auto T> // utter nonsense - not allowed
void Fun(T t){}

⑤定义在堆上的变量，使用了auto的表达式必须被初始化

  int* p = new auto(0); //fine
  int* pp = new auto(); // should be initialized 
  
  auto x = new auto(); // Hmmm ... no intializer
   
  auto* y = new auto(9); // Fine. Here y is a int*
  auto z = new auto(9); //Fine. Here z is a int* (It is not just an int)

⑥以为auto是一个占位符，并不是一个他自己的类型，因此不能用于类型转换或其他一些操作，如sizeof和typeid

int value = 123;
auto x2 = (auto)value; // no casting using auto

auto x3 = static_cast<auto>(value); // same as above 

⑦定义在一个auto序列的变量必须始终推导成同一类型

  auto x1 = 5, x2 = 5.0, x3='r';  // This is too much....we cannot combine like this

⑧auto不能自动推导成CV-qualifiers（constant & volatile qualifiers），除非被声明为引用类型

    const int i = 99;
    auto j = i;       // j is int, rather than const int
    j = 100           // Fine. As j is not constant 

   // Now let us try to have reference
    auto& k = i;      // Now k is const int& 
    k = 100;          // Error. k is constant

   // Similarly with volatile qualifer

⑨auto会退化成指向数组的指针，除非被声明为引用

  int a[9];
  auto j = a;
  cout<<typeid(j).name()<<endl; // This will print int*

  auto& k = a;
  cout<<typeid(k).name()<<endl; // This will print int [9]

引自codeproject，仅供个人参考