1 定义:
1.1 定义:Use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently.(使用共享对象可以有效地支持大量的细粒度的对象。)
细粒度对象:不可避免地使得对象数量多且性质相近,可将这些对象的信息分为两个部分:内部状态(intrinsic)与外部状态(extrinsic)。
内部状态:对象可共享出来的信息,存储在享元对象的内部并且不会随环境改变而改变。
外部状态:对象得以依赖的一个标记:随环境改变而改变、不可以共享的状态,享元对象的外蕴状态必须由由端保存,并在享元对象被创建之后,在需要使用的时候再传入到享元对象内部。
(原书在此点的解释和举例,让人很纠结:举例不当,而且此点解释令人生疑。)
(理解举例:享元模式在编辑器系统中大量使用。一个文编辑器往往会提供很多种字体,而通常的做法就是将每一个字母做成一个享元对象。享元对象的内蕴状态就是这个字母,而字母在文本中的位置和字体风格等其他信息则是外蕴状态。比如,字母a可以出现在文本的很多地方,虽然这些字母a的位置和字体风格不同,但是所有这些地方使用的都是同一个字母对象。这样一来,字母对象就可以在整个系统中共享。)
1.2 通用类图:
Flyweight——抽象享元角色
一个产品的抽象类,同时定义出对象的外部状态和内部状态的接口或实现。
ConcreteFlyweight——具体享元角色
实现抽象角色定义的业务。该角色中需要注意的是内部状态处理应该与环境无关,不应该出现一个操作改变了内部状态,同时修改了外部状态,这是不允许的。
UnsharedConcreteFlyweight——不可共享的享元角色
不存在外部状态或者安全要求(如线程安全)不能够使用共享技术的对象,该对象一般不会出现在享元工厂中。
FlyweightFactory——享元工厂
职责非常简单,就是构造一个池容器,同时提供从池中获得对象的方式。
1.3 通用代码:
错误举例:
package _22_Flyweight;
public abstract class Flyweight {
private String intrinsic;
protected String extrinsic;
public Flyweight(String intrinsic) {
this.intrinsic = intrinsic;
}
public String getIntrinsic() {
return intrinsic;
}
public abstract void operate();
public String getExtrinsic() {
return extrinsic;
}
public void setExtrinisic(String extrinsic) {
this.extrinsic = extrinsic;
}
}
public class ConcreteFlyweight1 extends Flyweight {
public ConcreteFlyweight1(String intrinsic) {
super(intrinsic);
}
public void operate() {
}
}
public class ConcreteFlyweight2 extends Flyweight {
public ConcreteFlyweight2(String intrinsic) {
super(intrinsic);
}
public void operate() {
}
}
public class FlyweightFactory {
private static HashMap<String, Flyweight> pool = new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();
public static Flyweight getFlyweight1(String Intrinsic) {
// 需要返回的对象
Flyweight flyweight = pool.get(Intrinsic);
if (flyweight == null) {
flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight1(Intrinsic);
pool.put(Intrinsic, flyweight);
}
return flyweight;
}
public static int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Flyweight fly1 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight1("1234567890");
fly1.setExtrinisic("Pos: line=10, col=20, color = RED");
System.out.println(fly1.getExtrinsic() + " " + fly1.getIntrinsic());
Flyweight fly2 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight1("1234567890");
fly2.setExtrinisic("Pos: line=20, col=20, color = BLUE");
System.out.println(fly2.getExtrinsic() + " " + fly2.getIntrinsic());
System.out.println("池中数量为:" + FlyweightFactory.getSize());
}
}
结果:
Pos: line=10, col=20, color = RED 1234567890
Pos: line=20, col=20, color = BLUE 1234567890
池中数量为:1
注意上述是一个误用(错例)。
享元模式只是想将对象细粒度化,将可共享部分缓存起来,以复用。而上例中将对象的共享部分与非共享部分融合在一起是错误的,因为这样则会导致整体的复用,在一个对象未被消费时,其会被另一次复用覆盖。而这并非复用的本质。
下例正确:
package _22_Flyweight.right;
public abstract class Flyweight {
private String intrinsic;
public Flyweight(String intrinsic) {
this.intrinsic = intrinsic;
}
public String getIntrinsic() {
return intrinsic;
}
public abstract void operate();
}
public class ConcreteFlyweightContent extends Flyweight {
public ConcreteFlyweightContent(String intrinsic) {
super(intrinsic);
}
public void operate() {
}
}
public class FlyweightFactory {
private static HashMap<String, Flyweight> pool = new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();
public static Flyweight getFlyweight1(String Intrinsic) {
// 需要返回的对象
Flyweight flyweight = pool.get(Intrinsic);
if (flyweight == null) {
flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweightContent(Intrinsic);
pool.put(Intrinsic, flyweight);
}
return flyweight;
}
public static int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
}
public class WPS {
Flyweight fly;
List<String> formats = new ArrayList<String>();
List<Flyweight> contents = new ArrayList<Flyweight>();
public void addLine(String format, Flyweight content) {
formats.add(format);
contents.add(content);
}
public void show() {
for (int i = 0; i < formats.size(); i++) {
System.out.print(formats.get(i) + "\t\t");
System.out.println(contents.get(i).getIntrinsic());
}
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String args[]) {
WPS mydoc = new WPS();
mydoc.addLine("Pos: line=1, col=20, color = RED",
FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight1("1234567890"));
mydoc.addLine("Pos: line=2, col=20, color = GREEN",
FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight1("1234567890"));
mydoc.addLine("Pos: line=3, col=20, color = BLUE",
FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight1("1234567890"));
mydoc.show();
System.out.println("池中数量为:" + FlyweightFactory.getSize());
}
}
2 优点
2.1 大大减少应用程序创建的对象,降低程序内存的占用,增强程序的性能;
3 缺点
3.1 提高了系统的复杂性:需要分离出外部状态和内部状态;
4 应用场景
4.1 系统存在大量的相似对象;
4.2 细粒度的对象都具备较接近的外部状态,而且内部状态与环境无关,也就是说对象没有特定身份;
4.3 需要缓冲池的场景。
5 注意事项
暂无
6 扩展
暂无
7 范例
暂无