Activity作为Android的四大组件之一，也是最基本的组件，负责与用户交互的所有功能。Activity的启动过程也并非一件神秘的事情，接下来就简单的从源码的角度分析一下Activity的启动过程。
根Activity一般就是指我们项目中的MainActivity，代表了一个Android应用程序，一般也是在一个新的进程中启动起来。在Android系统中，所有的Activity组件都保存在堆栈中，我们启动一个新的Activity组件就位于上一个Activity的上面。那么我们从桌面（Launcher）打开一个App是一个怎样的过程呢，如下所示：
（1）Launcher向ActivityManagerService发送一个启动MainActivity的请求；
（2）ActivityManagerService首先将MainActivity的相关信息保存下来，然后向Launcher发送一个使之进入中止状态的请求；
（3）Launcher收到中止状态之后，就会想ActivityManagerService发送一个已进入中止状态的请求，便于ActivityManagerService继续执行启动MainActivity的操作；
（4）ActivityManagerService检查用于运行MainActivity的进程，如果不存在，则启动一个新的进程；
（5）新的应用程序进程启动完成之后，就会向ActivityManagerService发送一个启动完成的请求，便于ActivityManagerService继续执行启动MainActivity的操作；
（6）ActivityManagerService将第（2）步保存下来的MainActivity相关信息发送给新创建的进程，便于该进程启动MainActivity组件。
Launcher.startActivitySafely
boolean startActivitySafely(Intent intent, Object tag) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
try {
startActivity(intent);
return true;
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {}
}当我们在Launcher上点击应用程序图标时，startActivitySafely方法会被调用。需要启动的Activity信息保存在intent中，包括action、category等等。那么Launcher是如何获得intent里面的这些信息呢？首先，系统在启动时会启动一个叫做PackageManagerService的管理服务，并且通过他来安装系统中的应用程序，在这个过程中，PackageManagerService会对应用程序的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml进行解析，从而得到程序里的组件信息（包括Activity、Service、Broadcast等），然后PackageManagerService去查询所有action为“android.intent.action.MAIN”并且category为“android.intent.category.LAUNCHER”的Activity，然后为每个应用程序创建一个快捷方式图标，并把程序信息与之关联。上述代码中，Activity的启动标志位设置为“Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK”，便于他可以在一个新的任务中启动。
Activity.startActivity
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}Activity.startActivityForResult
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) { //一般的Activity其mParent都为null
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar = mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(this,
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) { //发送结果，即onActivityResult会被调用
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
final View decor = mWindow != null ? mWindow.peekDecorView() : null;
if (decor != null) {
decor.cancelPendingInputEvents();
}
} else { //在ActivityGroup内部的Activity，内部处理逻辑和上面是类似的
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
if (options != null && !isTopOfTask()) {
mActivityTransitionState.startExitOutTransition(this, options);
}
}不难发现，最后实际上是调用mInstrumentation.execStartActivity来启动Activity，mInstrumentation类型为Instrumentation，用于监控程序和系统之间的交互操作。mInstrumentation代为执行Activity的启动操作，便于他可以监控这一个交互过程。mMainThread的类型为ActivityThread，用于描述一个应用程序进程，系统每启动一个程序都会在它里面加载一个ActivityThread的实例，并且将该实例保存在Activity的成员变量mMainThread中，而mMainThread.getApplicationThread()则用于获取其内部一个类型为ApplicationThread的本地Binder对象。mToken的类型为IBinder，他是一个Binder的代理对象，只想了ActivityManagerService中一个类型为ActivityRecord的本地Binder对象。每一个已经启动的Activity在ActivityManagerService中都有一个对应的ActivityRecord对象，用于维护Activity的运行状态及信息。
Instrumentation.execStartActivity
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) { //先查找一遍看是否存在这个activity
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options); //这里才是真正打开activity的地方，其核心功能在whoThread中完成。
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent); // 处理各种异常，如ActivityNotFound
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
return null;
}中间还有一系列过程，跟着源码走下去，不难发现，最后，是调用ApplicationThread的scheduleLaunchActivity来进行Activity的启动。
Application.scheduleLaunchActivity
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, int procState, Bundle state,
PersistableBundle persistentState, List<ResultInfo> pendingResults,
List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents, boolean notResumed, boolean isForward,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}上述代码主要做的事就是构造一个ActivityClientRecord，然后调用sendMessage发送一个消息。在应用程序对应的进程中，每一个Activity组件都使用一个ActivityClientRecord对象来描述，他们保存在ActivityThread类的成员变量mActivities中。那么Handler是如何处理这个消息的呢？
H.handleMessage
switch (msg.what) { // 消息类型
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null); // 处理消息
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityRestart");
ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord)msg.obj;
handleRelaunchActivity(r);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityPause");
handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, (msg.arg1&1) != 0, msg.arg2,
(msg.arg1&2) != 0);
maybeSnapshot();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
... ...
}首先将msg里面的obj转成一个ActivityClientRecord对象，然后调用来获取一个LoaderApk对象并保存在ActivityClientRecord对象的成员变量packageInfo中。Loader对象用于描述一个已经加载的APK文件。最后调用handleLaunchActivity来启动Activity组件。
ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
unscheduleGcIdler();
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
mProfiler.startProfiling();
}
handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); //performLaunchActivity真正完成了activity的调起,Activity被实例化，onCreate被调用
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward, // 再调用Activity实例的Resume(用户界面可见)
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);
if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
try {
r.activity.mCalled = false;
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity); // finish的时候先调onPause
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
r.state = oldState;
}
if (!r.activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPause()");
}
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(r.activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to pause activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
r.paused = true;
}
} else {
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() // finishActivity 一样的原理
.finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
}ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
if (r.packageInfo == null) {
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfo(aInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo,
Context.CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);
}
//从intent中取出目标activity的启动参数（包名、类名等）
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
if (component == null) {
component = r.intent.resolveActivity(
mInitialApplication.getPackageManager());
r.intent.setComponent(component);
}
if (r.activityInfo.targetActivity != null) {
component = new ComponentName(r.activityInfo.packageName,
r.activityInfo.targetActivity);
}
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader(); // 将Activity类文件加载到内存中
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( // 创建Activity实例
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, r + ": app=" + app
+ ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
+ ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
+ ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
if (activity != null) {
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity); // 初始化Context对象，作为Activity的上下文
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
+ r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor);
if (customIntent != null) {
activity.mIntent = customIntent;
}
r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
activity.mStartedActivity = false;
int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
if (theme != 0) {
activity.setTheme(theme);
}
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) { //下面就是调用到acitivity的onCreate方法了
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
} // 至此，Activity启动过程就结束了，其生命周期由ApplicationThread来管理
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onCreate()");
}
r.activity = activity;
r.stopped = true;
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.performStart();
r.stopped = false;
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
if (r.isPersistable()) {
if (r.state != null || r.persistentState != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
}
} else if (r.state != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
}
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
}
}
}
r.paused = true;
mActivities.put(r.token, r); // 将ActivityRecord对象保存在ActivityThread的mActivities中
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to start activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return activity;
}ActivityRecord里面的token，是一个Binder的代理对象，和ActivityClientRecord对象一样，都是用来描述所启动的Activity组件，只不过前者是在ActivityManagerService中使用，后者是在应用程序进程中使用。
至此，Activity的启动过程就分析完了。MainActivity的启动过程，其实也可以认为是应用程序的启动过程。
子Activity的启动过程和根Activity的启动过程也是类似的，过程如下：
（1）MainActivity向ActivityManagerService发送一个自动ChildActivity的请求；
（2）ActivityManagerService首先将ChildActivity的信息保存下来，再向MainActivity发送一个中止的请求；
（3）MainActivity收到请求进入中止状态，告诉ActivityManagerService，便于ActivityManagerService继续执行启动ChildActivity的操作
（4）ActivityManagerService检查ChildActivity所运行的进程是否存在，存在就发送ChildActivity信息给他，以进行启动。
源代码方面，原理类似，相比起来会比MainActivity的稍微简单一些，这里就不再详细叙述了，各位可以自行根据前面步骤，阅读源代码。
感谢阅读~~
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