编程乐趣:C#实现读取12306票价信息

注意:

文章后的下载代码,还有小bug,遇到1-9号的时间可能会查不到数据。因为日期的天必须为 “00” 格式,请大家自行下载代码后修改。

2013.12.03修改:

发送正文已变为:

 string parameter = @"condition=&queryMode=1&nyear2={0}&nyear2_new_value=true&nmonth2={1}&nmonth2_new_value=true&nday2={2}&nday2_new_value=false&startStation_ticketPrice1=
{3}&startStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&arriveStation_ticketPrice1={4}&arriveStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&trainCode=&trainCode_new_value=true&
rFlag=1&name_ckball=value_ckball&tFlagDC=DC&tFlagZ=Z&tFlagT=T&tFlagK=K&tFlagPK=PK&tFlagPKE=PKE&tFlagLK=LK&randCode={5}";

 parameter = string.Format(parameter, fromDate.Year, fromDate.Month, fromDate.Day.ToString("00"), startStation, arriveStation, randCode);

最近打算做一个抓取12306车票信息的功能,自动登录实现起来有些问题,老是登录不成功。于是就做了不需要登录的一些查询的功能。先看看票价查询的读取。

也就是这个页面的查询

这个页面是POST方式提交数据,有一个验证码图片的读取。
一般来说IE浏览器打开后(IE9),F12(开发人员工具)-网络,可以进行捕获提交的url,数据等。

可以查看每一步请求了哪些页面和传输了哪些数据,相当于火狐的firebug。这个可以用IE9研究一下,我试了下IE7、IE8都没有这个功能,IE9可以的。

如图,


具体过程就是点击开始捕获,然后完成当前页面的查询操作,再点击结束捕获,就会抓取所有访问的url和传输的参数。

大家可以自己尝试,直接上代码。

因此获取验证码图片方法可以这样写:
        private static string setCookie = string.Empty;
        /// <summary>
        /// 票价查询验证码
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string DoGetTrainTicketPriceRandCodeImage()
        {
            string resultImage = string.Empty;


            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(@"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/passCodeActi0n.do?rand=rrand");


                request.Accept = @"image/png, image/svg+xml, image/*;q=0.8, */*;q=0.5";


                request.UserAgent = @"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)";


                request.Referer = @"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/ticketPriceByStation.jsp";


                request.Method = "GET";


                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
                {
                    setCookie = response.GetResponseHeader("Set-cookie");


                    setCookie = Regex.Replace(setCookie, "path(?:[^,]+),?", "", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);


                    using (Stream reader = response.GetResponseStream())
                    {
                        string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, new Random().Next(10000, 99999) + @"queryTicketPrice.JPEG");


                        
                        using (FileStream file = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write))
                        {
                            reader.CopyTo(file);
                        }


                        resultImage = path;


                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }


            return resultImage;
        }
之所以写的这么麻烦,我原本打算用WebClient直接将http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/passCodeActi0n.do?rand=rrand这个路径的文件下载下来,但是,测试时发现直接下载下来的输入验证码后返回验证码过期。于是用这种方式下载文件然后保存。并将图片文件显示在界面上。


setCookie字段存放的是当前页面的请求时的cookie。这个也是为了后面调用查询票价url时用的,用同一个cookie才能保证查询结果正确。


那么下面看传参数读取票价信息的方法:
       /// <summary>
        /// 火车票票价信息字符串
        /// </summary>
        public static string DoQueryTrainTicketPriceInfo(DateTime fromDate, string startStation,string arriveStation,string randCode)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;


            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(@"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/iframeTicketPriceByStation.jsp");


                request.Accept = @"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*";


                request.UserAgent = @"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)";


                request.Referer = @"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/ticketPriceByStation.jsp";


                request.ContentType = @"application/x-www-form-urlencoded";


                request.Headers[HttpRequestHeader.Cookie] = setCookie;


                request.Method = "POST";


                byte[] buffer = new byte[0];


                DoGetTrainTicketPriceRandCodeImage();


                string parameter = @"condition=&queryMode=1&nmonth2={0}&nmonth2_new_value=true&nday2={1}&nday2_new_value=false&startStation_ticketPrice1={2}
&startStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&arriveStation_ticketPrice1={3}&arriveStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&trainCode=&trainCode_new_value=true&
rFlag=1&name_ckball=value_ckball&tFlagDC=DC&tFlagZ=Z&tFlagT=T&tFlagK=K&tFlagPK=PK&tFlagPKE=PKE&tFlagLK=LK&randCode={4}";


                parameter = string.Format(parameter, fromDate.Month, fromDate.Day.ToString("00"), startStation, arriveStation, randCode);


                buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(parameter);


                request.ContentLength = buffer.Length;


                using (Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    writer.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                    writer.Flush();
                }


                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
                {
                    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
                    {
                        result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }


            return result;
        }
这里比较关键的就是传输正文,也就是parameter字符串的内容,关键参数也就是代码中的那几个,时间,出发站,到达站和验证码。这里的request.Headers[HttpRequestHeader.Cookie]就要用到读取验证码文件那里的同一个cookie。
至于其他参数也是通过捕获查询过程获取的。
所有代码如下,这里是用Visual studio 2010,wpf实现的界面显示。

主要代码:

 public  class TrainTicketPriceQuery
    {
        private static string setCookie = string.Empty;

        /// <summary>
        /// 火车票票价信息字符串
        /// </summary>
        public static string DoQueryTrainTicketPriceInfo(DateTime fromDate, string startStation, string arriveStation, string randCode)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(@"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/iframeTicketPriceByStation.jsp");

                request.Accept = @"text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*";

                request.UserAgent = @"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)";

                request.Referer = @"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/ticketPriceByStation.jsp";

                request.ContentType = @"application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

                request.Headers[HttpRequestHeader.Cookie] = setCookie;

                request.Method = "POST";

                byte[] buffer = new byte[0];

                DoGetTrainTicketPriceRandCodeImage();

                string parameter = @"condition=&queryMode=1&nmonth2={0}&nmonth2_new_value=true&nday2={1}&nday2_new_value=false&startStation_ticketPrice1={2}
&startStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&arriveStation_ticketPrice1={3}&arriveStation_ticketPrice1_new_value=false&trainCode=&trainCode_new_value=true&
rFlag=1&name_ckball=value_ckball&tFlagDC=DC&tFlagZ=Z&tFlagT=T&tFlagK=K&tFlagPK=PK&tFlagPKE=PKE&tFlagLK=LK&randCode={4}";

                parameter = string.Format(parameter, fromDate.Month, fromDate.Day.ToString("00"), startStation, arriveStation, randCode);

                buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(parameter);

                request.ContentLength = buffer.Length;

                using (Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    writer.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                    writer.Flush();
                }

                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
                {
                    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8))
                    {
                        result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }

            return result;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 票价查询验证码
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string DoGetTrainTicketPriceRandCodeImage()
        {
            string resultImage = string.Empty;

            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(@"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/passCodeActi0n.do?rand=rrand");

                request.Accept = @"image/png, image/svg+xml, image/*;q=0.8, */*;q=0.5";

                request.UserAgent = @"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)";

                request.Referer = @"http://dynamic.12306.cn/TrainQuery/ticketPriceByStation.jsp";

                request.Method = "GET";

                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
                {
                    setCookie = response.GetResponseHeader("Set-cookie");

                    setCookie = Regex.Replace(setCookie, "path(?:[^,]+),?", "", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);

                    using (Stream reader = response.GetResponseStream())
                    {
                        string path = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, new Random().Next(10000, 99999) + @"queryTicketPrice.JPEG");


                        using (FileStream file = new FileStream(path, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write))
                        {
                            reader.CopyTo(file);
                        }

                        resultImage = path;

                    }
                }
            }
            catch { }

            return resultImage;
        }
    }
界面代码:

<Window x:Class="TestQueryTrainTicketPrice.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="MainWindow" Width="900" MinHeight="600">
    <StackPanel>
        <Grid>
            <Grid.Resources>
                <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
                    <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Microsoft YaHei"/>
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20"/>
                    <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>
                </Style>

                <Style TargetType="TextBox">
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20"/>
                    <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="300"/>
                    <Setter Property="Height" Value="50"/>
                    <Setter Property="VerticalAlignment" Value="Center"/>
                </Style>
            </Grid.Resources>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
                <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>

            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Text="日   期"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="txtDate" />

            <TextBlock Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Text="出发站"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="txtStartStation" />

            <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Text="到达站"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" x:Name="txtArriveStation" />

            <TextBlock Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Text="验证码"/>

            <StackPanel Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Orientation="Horizontal"
                        VerticalAlignment="Center">
                <TextBox  x:Name="txtRandCode" />
                <Image x:Name="imageRandCode" Width="auto"/>
                <Button Content="刷新验证码" Height="30" Width="100" Click="Button_Click_1" />
            </StackPanel>

        </Grid>

        <Button Content="开始查询" Width="150" Height="50" Click="Button_Click" />

        <RichTextBox x:Name="rtxResultInfo" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible" Height="315"/>

    </StackPanel>
</Window>
控制显示代码:

 public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(MainWindow_Loaded);
        }

        void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            string date = DateTime.Now.AddDays(3).ToString(@"yyyy-MM-dd");

            this.txtDate.Text = date;

            this.txtStartStation.Text = @"广州";

            this.txtArriveStation.Text = @"西安";

            InitialRandCode();
        }

        private void InitialRandCode()
        {
            //初始化验证码
            string randCodeImageUrl = TrainTicketPriceQuery.DoGetTrainTicketPriceRandCodeImage();

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(randCodeImageUrl))
            {
                ImageSource src = (ImageSource)(new ImageSourceConverter().ConvertFromString(randCodeImageUrl));

                this.imageRandCode.Source = src;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 开始查询
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            string startStation = this.txtStartStation.Text.Trim();

            string arriveStation = this.txtArriveStation.Text.Trim();

            string randCode = this.txtRandCode.Text.Trim();

            string startDate = this.txtDate.Text;

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(startStation) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(arriveStation) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(randCode) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(startDate))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("参数不完整,请重新填写!");

                return;
            }

            DateTime fromDate = DateTime.Parse(startDate);

            string queryResult = TrainTicketPriceQuery.DoQueryTrainTicketPriceInfo(DateTime.Now.AddDays(4), startStation, arriveStation, randCode);

            System.Windows.Documents.FlowDocument doc = rtxResultInfo.Document;

            doc.Blocks.Clear();

            rtxResultInfo.AppendText(queryResult);

        }

        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            InitialRandCode();
        }
    }
效果,



其中比如:
parent.mygrid.addRow(0,"1,G832^skbcx.jsp?cxlx=cc&date=20131125&trainCode=G832_6c0000G83201,广州南^skbcx.jsp?cxlx=czjgcc&zm=&date=20131125&stationName_passTrain=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%97^self,西安北^skbcx.jsp?cxlx=czjgcc&zm=&date=20131125&stationName_passTrain=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97^self,--,--,1301.5,813.5,--,--,--,--,--,07:18,16:23,09:05,广州南^skbcx.jsp?cxlx=czjgcc&zm=&date=20131125&stationName_passTrain=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E5%8D%97^self,西安北^skbcx.jsp?cxlx=czjgcc&zm=&date=20131125&stationName_passTrain=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97^self,高速,有",0);


这些才是票价信息,当然了还需要对字符串进行一些简单的处理。
用  
                 Regex regex = new Regex(@"parent.mygrid.addRow");


                 string[] arrows = regex.Split(priceContent);

将整个字符串中的每一个车次的信息分离出来,然后再对每一条数据截取、替换等操作最终就能得到你想要的列车票价信息了。

代码下载

代码下载(修改bug后)


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