java反射机制

最新推荐文章于 2015-02-05 10:15:31 发布

zdsicecoco

最新推荐文章于 2015-02-05 10:15:31 发布

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分类专栏： java基础文章标签：反射 java基础

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zdsicecoco/article/details/38292209

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一直对java反射机制很好奇，今天抽时间看了java核心编程中对java反射机制的讲解，自己也做一些总结。

java反射机制的能力：

1.在运行中分析类

2.在运行中查看对象，例如，编写一个toString方法供所有类使用

3.实现数组的操作代码

4.利用Method对象，这个对象很想c++的指针

反射分析一个对象的代码：

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;

/**
* This program uses reflection to print all features of a class.
* @version 1.1 2004-02-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ReflectionTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// read class name from command line args or user input
String name;
if (args.length > 0) name = args[0];
else
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter class name (e.g. java.util.Date): ");
name = in.next();
}

try
{
// print class name and superclass name (if != Object)
Class cl = Class.forName(name);
Class supercl = cl.getSuperclass();
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(cl.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print("class " + name);
if (supercl != null && supercl != Object.class) System.out.print(" extends "
+ supercl.getName());

System.out.print("\n{\n");
printConstructors(cl);
System.out.println();
printMethods(cl);
System.out.println();
printFields(cl);
System.out.println("}");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}

/**
* Prints all constructors of a class
* @param cl a class
*/
public static void printConstructors(Class cl)
{
Constructor[] constructors = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();

for (Constructor c : constructors)
{
String name = c.getName();
System.out.print(" ");
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print(name + "(");

// print parameter types
Class[] paramTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++)
{
if (j > 0) System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
}
System.out.println(");");
}
}

/**
* Prints all methods of a class
* @param cl a class
*/
public static void printMethods(Class cl)
{
Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();

for (Method m : methods)
{
Class retType = m.getReturnType();
String name = m.getName();

System.out.print(" ");
// print modifiers, return type and method name
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(m.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.print(retType.getName() + " " + name + "(");

// print parameter types
Class[] paramTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < paramTypes.length; j++)
{
if (j > 0) System.out.print(", ");
System.out.print(paramTypes[j].getName());
}
System.out.println(");");
}
}

/**
* Prints all fields of a class
* @param cl a class
*/
public static void printFields(Class cl)
{
Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();

for (Field f : fields)
{
Class type = f.getType();
String name = f.getName();
System.out.print(" ");
String modifiers = Modifier.toString(f.getModifiers());
if (modifiers.length() > 0) System.out.print(modifiers + " ");
System.out.println(type.getName() + " " + name + ";");
}
}
}

利用反射做toString：

import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
* Created by wyzhangdongsheng1 on 2014/7/29.
*/
public class ObjectAnalyzerTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
ArrayList<Integer> squares = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
squares.add(i * i);
System.out.println(new ObjectAnalyzer().toString(squares));
}
}

class ObjectAnalyzer
{
private ArrayList<Object> visited = new ArrayList<Object>();

/**
* Converts an object to a string representation that lists all fields.
* @param obj an object
* @return a string with the object's class name and all field names and
* values
*/
public String toString(Object obj)
{
if (obj == null) return "null";
if (visited.contains(obj)) return "...";
visited.add(obj);
Class cl = obj.getClass();
if (cl == String.class) return (String) obj;
if (cl.isArray())
{
String r = cl.getComponentType() + "[]{";
for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(obj); i++)
{
if (i > 0) r += ",";
Object val = Array.get(obj, i);
if (cl.getComponentType().isPrimitive()) r += val;
else r += toString(val);
}
return r + "}";
}

String r = cl.getName();
// inspect the fields of this class and all superclasses
do
{
r += "[";
Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
AccessibleObject.setAccessible(fields, true);
// get the names and values of all fields
for (Field f : fields)
{
if (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers()))
{
if (!r.endsWith("[")) r += ",";
r += f.getName() + "=";
try
{
Class t = f.getType();
Object val = f.get(obj);
if (t.isPrimitive()) r += val;
else r += toString(val);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
r += "]";
cl = cl.getSuperclass();
}
while (cl != null);

return r;
}
}