NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream

对于 NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream 一直没怎么搞清楚，今天抽一些时间在此记录一下！
  
NSInputStream 与 NSOutputStream 都继承于 NSStream, NSStream 是一个抽象的基类, 规定了Stream共有的一些行为…
  
什么是Stream
  
Stream翻译成为流，它是对我们读写文件的一个抽象。 你可以这样想象，当你读文件和写文件的时候，文件的内容就像水流一样哗哗的 像你流过来或者流给别人，这样岂不是很爽。 而Stream就帮我们做了这样的事情， 实际上，它是把文件的内容，一小段一小段的读出或 写入，来到达这样的效果
  
NSStream
  
NSStream 是Cocoa平台下对流这个概念的实现类， NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream 则是它的两个子类，分别对应了读文件和 写文件。
  
NSInputStream
  
NSInputStream 对应的是读文件，所以要记住它是要将文件的内容读到内存(你声明的一段buffer)里, 下面一段是测试代码
        
 
 
 
- (void)doTestInputStream {
  NSString *path = @"/Users/usr/Desktop/stream.txt";
  
  NSInputStream *readStream = [[NSInputStream alloc]initWithFileAtPath:path];
  [readStream setDelegate:self];
  
  [readStream scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
  [readStream open]; //调用open开始读文件
}

- (void)stream:(NSStream *)aStream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode {
  switch (eventCode) {
      case NSStreamEventHasBytesAvailable:{
          
          uint8_t buf[1024];
          
          NSInputStream *reads = (NSInputStream *)aStream;
          NSInteger blength = [reads read:buf maxLength:sizeof(buf)]; //把流的数据放入buffer
          NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytes:(void *)buf length:blength];
          
          NSString *string = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
          NSLog(@"%@",string);
      }
          break;
                  

      //错误和无事件处理
      case NSStreamEventErrorOccurred:{
          
      }
          break;
      case NSStreamEventNone:
          break;
      
      //打开完成
      case NSStreamEventOpenCompleted: {
          NSLog(@"NSStreamEventOpenCompleted");
      }
          break;
          
      default:
          break;
  }
}

@end
        
NSOutputStream
  
NSOutputStream 对应的是写文件，它是要将已存在的内存(buffer)里的数据写入文件, 下面同样一段是测试代码
        
 
 
 
- (NSData *)dataWillWrite {
  static  NSData *data = nil;
  static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
  dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
      data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/usr/Desktop/stream.txt"];
  });
  
  return data;
}

- (void)doTestOutputStream {
  NSString *path = @"/Users/usr/Desktop/stream-write.txt";
  
  NSOutputStream *writeStream = [[NSOutputStream alloc] initToFileAtPath:path append:YES];
  [writeStream setDelegate:self];
  
  [writeStream scheduleInRunLoop:[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
  [writeStream open];
}

- (void)stream:(NSStream *)aStream handleEvent:(NSStreamEvent)eventCode {
  switch (eventCode) {
      case NSStreamEventHasSpaceAvailable: {
          
          NSInteger bufSize = 5;
          uint8_t buf[bufSize];
          
          if (self.location + bufSize > [self dataWillWrite].length) {
              [[self dataWillWrite] getBytes:buf
                                       range:NSMakeRange(self.location, self.location + bufSize - [self dataWillWrite].length)];
          }
          else {
              [[self dataWillWrite] getBytes:buf range:NSMakeRange(self.location, bufSize)];
          }
          
          NSOutputStream *writeStream = (NSOutputStream *)aStream;
          [writeStream write:buf maxLength:sizeof(buf)]; //把buffer里的数据，写入文件
          
          self.location += bufSize;
          if (self.location >= [[self dataWillWrite] length] ) { //写完后关闭流
              [aStream close];
          }
          
      }
          break;
          
      case NSStreamEventEndEncountered: {
          [aStream close];
      }
          break;
      
      //错误和无事件处理
      case NSStreamEventErrorOccurred:{
          
      }
          break;
      case NSStreamEventNone:
          break;
      
      //打开完成
      case NSStreamEventOpenCompleted: {
          NSLog(@"NSStreamEventOpenCompleted");
          
          
      }
          break;
          
      default:
          break;
  }
}
        
用途
  
NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream 常用与网络传输中，比如要将一个很大的文件传送给服务器，那么NSInputStream这时候是 很好的选择, 我们可以查看到 NSURLRequest 有一个属性叫HTTPBodyStream， 这时只要设置好一个NSInputStream的实例就可以 了，最大的好处就是可以节省我们很多的内存。
  
另外要说明的是，NSInputStream 和 NSOutputStream其实是对 CoreFoundation 层对应的CFReadStreamRef 和 CFWriteStreamRef 的高层抽象。在使用CFNetwork时，常常会使用到CFReadStreamRef 与 CFWriteStreamRef。 下面是一段相关代码
                          
 
 
 
 // Keep a reference to self to use for controller callbacks
    //
  CFStreamClientContext ctx = {0, (__bridge void *)(self), NULL, NULL, NULL};
  
  // Get callbacks for stream data, stream end, and any errors
    //
  CFOptionFlags registeredEvents = (kCFStreamEventHasBytesAvailable | kCFStreamEventEndEncountered | kCFStreamEventErrorOccurred);
  
  // Create a read-only socket
    //
  CFReadStreamRef readStream;
  CFStreamCreatePairWithSocketToHost(kCFAllocatorDefault, (__bridge CFStringRef)host, (UInt32)port, &readStream, NULL);
  
  // Schedule the stream on the run loop to enable callbacks
    //
  if (CFReadStreamSetClient(readStream, registeredEvents, socketCallback, &ctx)) {
      CFReadStreamScheduleWithRunLoop(readStream, CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
      
  }
    else {
        [self networkFailedWithErrorMessage:@"Failed to assign callback method"];
      return;
  }
  
  // Open the stream for reading
    //
  if (CFReadStreamOpen(readStream) == NO) {
        [self networkFailedWithErrorMessage:@"Failed to open read stream"];
      
      return;
  }
  
  CFErrorRef error = CFReadStreamCopyError(readStream);
  if (error != NULL) {
      if (CFErrorGetCode(error) != 0) {
          NSString * errorInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Failed to connect stream; error '%@' (code %ld)", (__bridge NSString*)CFErrorGetDomain(error), CFErrorGetCode(error)];
            [self networkFailedWithErrorMessage:errorInfo];
      }
      
      CFRelease(error);
      
      return;
  }