init进程【1】——init启动过程

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init启动过程

众所周知，Linux中的所有进程都是有init进程创建并运行的。首先Linux内核启动，然后在用户空间中启动init进程，再启动其他系统进程。在系统启动完成完成后，init将变为守护进程监视系统其他进程。Android是基于Linux的操作系统，所以init也是Android系统中用户空间的第一个进程，它的进程号是1。下面先简单的看一下init进程的启动过程。

@/kernel/goodfish/init/main.c

static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
{
	/*
	 * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
	 */
	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);
	/*
	 * init can allocate pages on any node
	 */
	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
	/*
	 * init can run on any cpu.
	 */
	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);

	cad_pid = task_pid(current);

	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);

	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
	lockup_detector_init();

	smp_init();
	sched_init_smp();

	do_basic_setup();

	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");

	(void) sys_dup(0);
	(void) sys_dup(0);
	/*
	 * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
	 * the work
	 */

	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";

	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
		prepare_namespace();
	}

	/*
	 * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
	 * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
	 * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
	 */

	init_post();
	return 0;
}

/* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
 * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
 */
static noinline int init_post(void)
{
	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
	async_synchronize_full();
	free_initmem();
	mark_rodata_ro();
	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
	numa_default_policy();


	current->signal->flags |= SIGNAL_UNKILLABLE;

	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
		run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
				ramdisk_execute_command);
	}

	/*
	 * We try each of these until one succeeds.
	 *
	 * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
	 * trying to recover a really broken machine.
	 */
	if (execute_command) {
		run_init_process(execute_command);
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
					"defaults...\n", execute_command);
	}
	run_init_process("/sbin/init");
	run_init_process("/etc/init");
	run_init_process("/bin/init");
	run_init_process("/bin/sh");

	panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
	      "See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.");
}

static void run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
{
	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
	kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
}

在init_post()中会判断execute_command是否为空，如果不为空则执行run_init_process调用。execute_command的赋值在init_setup()中，所以这里应该注意在设置内核启动选项时，应设置为“ init=/init”，以便正常启动init进程，因为编译完Android后生成的文件系统中，init位于最顶层目录。

<span style="font-size:14px;">static const char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };</span>

static int __init init_setup(char *str)
{
	unsigned int i;

	execute_command = str;
	/*
	 * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
	 * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
	 * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
	 * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
	 */
	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
		argv_init[i] = NULL;
	return 1;
}
__setup("init=", init_setup);

当根目录中不存在init时，或者未指定启动项“init=”时，内核会到/sbin、/etc、/bin目录下查找init。

了解了init进程的启动过程后，接下来看一下init进程都干了些什么？Android中的init进程与Linux不同，其职责可以归结如下：