Abstract Factory:Provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.
抽象工厂(Abstract Factory)模式是所有工厂模式中最抽象和最具有一般性的形态,和工厂方法模式的最大区别在于,工厂方法模式针对的是一个产品等级结构,而抽象工厂模式则需要对多个产品等级结构。
一:引入
最早起源应用于不通操作系统的视窗构件,如一个Button类在windows环境和unix环境下有对应的实现,如果使用工厂方法模式,需要每个Concrete Product类对应一个Concrete Factory,在太多构件的情况下显然不合适。
改为有两个Concrete Factory(因为有两大类(当然也可以有多个类)),每个Factory类负责创建这一类的所有对象。
public
class
WinFactory
implements
AbstractFactory
...
{
public Button createButton()
...{
return new WinButton();
}
public Text createText()
...{
return new WinText();
}
}
public class UnixFactory implements AbstractFactory ... {
public Button createButton()
...{
return new UnixButton();
}
public Text createText()
...{
return new UnixText();
}
}
public Button createButton()
...{
return new WinButton();
}
public Text createText()
...{
return new WinText();
}
}
public class UnixFactory implements AbstractFactory ... {
public Button createButton()
...{
return new UnixButton();
}
public Text createText()
...{
return new UnixText();
}
}
二:结构
三:实际应用
- 最早起源应用于不通操作系统的视窗构件。
四:适用情形
Use the Abstract Factory pattern when
- a system should be independent of how its products are created, composed, and represented.
- a system should be configured with one of multiple families of products.
- a family of related product objects is designed to be used together, and you need to enforce this constraint.
- you want to provide a class library of products, and you want to reveal just their interfaces, not their implementations.
参考文献:
1:阎宏,《Java与模式》,电子工业出版社
2:Eric Freeman & Elisabeth Freeman,《Head First Design Pattern》,O'REILLY