一:定义:
Strategy:Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
二:引入
假设现在要设计一个贩卖各类书籍的电子商务网站的购物车(Shopping Cat)系统。一个最简单的情况就是把所有货品的单价乘上数量,但是实际情况肯定比这要复杂。
比如:
- 本网站可能对所有的儿童类图书实行每本一元的折扣;
- 对计算机类图书提供每本7%的促销折扣,而对电子类图书有3%的折扣;
- 对其余的图书没有折扣。
- 未来可能还会有新的打折策略。
由于有这样复杂的折扣算法,使得价格计算问题需要系统地解决。
方案一:业务逻辑放在各具体子类
/**/
/*
*各子类实现销售价格算法
*/
public abstract class Book ... {
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
public abstract double getSalePrice() ;
}
public class CsBook extends Book ... {
public CsBook(String name,double price)
...{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice()
...{
return this.getPrice()*0.93;
}
}
public class ChildrenBook extends Book ... {
public ChildrenBook(String name, double price) ...{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice() ...{
return this.getPrice() - 1;
}
}
public class Client ... {
public static void main(String args[])
...{
Book csBook1=new CsBook("Think in java",45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook("Hello",20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+":"+csBook1.getSalePrice());
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+":"+childrenBook1.getSalePrice());
}
}
*各子类实现销售价格算法
*/
public abstract class Book ... {
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
public abstract double getSalePrice() ;
}
public class CsBook extends Book ... {
public CsBook(String name,double price)
...{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice()
...{
return this.getPrice()*0.93;
}
}
public class ChildrenBook extends Book ... {
public ChildrenBook(String name, double price) ...{
this.setName(name);
this.setPrice(price);
}
public double getSalePrice() ...{
return this.getPrice() - 1;
}
}
public class Client ... {
public static void main(String args[])
...{
Book csBook1=new CsBook("Think in java",45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook("Hello",20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+":"+csBook1.getSalePrice());
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+":"+childrenBook1.getSalePrice());
}
}
问题:每个子类必须都各自实现打折算法,即使打折算法相同。所以code reuse不好
方案二:
//
把打折策略代码提到父类来实现code reuse
public abstract class Book ... {
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
// 销售价格
public static double toSalePrice(Book book)
...{
if (book instanceof ChildrenBook)
...{
return book.getPrice()-1;
}
else if (book instanceof CsBook)
...{
return book.getPrice()*0.93;
}
return 0;
}
}
public class Client ... {
public static void main(String args[])
...{
Book csBook1=new CsBook("Think in java",45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook("Hello",20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+":"+Book.toSalePrice(csBook1));
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+":"+Book.toSalePrice(childrenBook1));
}
}
public abstract class Book ... {
private double price;
private String name;
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
// 销售价格
public static double toSalePrice(Book book)
...{
if (book instanceof ChildrenBook)
...{
return book.getPrice()-1;
}
else if (book instanceof CsBook)
...{
return book.getPrice()*0.93;
}
return 0;
}
}
public class Client ... {
public static void main(String args[])
...{
Book csBook1=new CsBook("Think in java",45);
Book childrenBook1=new ChildrenBook("Hello",20);
System.out.println(csBook1.getName()+":"+Book.toSalePrice(csBook1));
System.out.println(childrenBook1.getName()+":"+Book.toSalePrice(childrenBook1));
}
}
toSalePrice方法是比较容易change的地方,如果策略复杂用if判断比较乱,并且策略修改或增加时需改变原代码。
方案三:策略模式
code reuse时最好用合成(HAS-A)而不用(IS-A),更加灵活。
public
abstract
class
Book
...
{
private double price;
private String name;
private DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;//折扣策略
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy() ...{
return discountStrategy;
}
private double price;
private String name;
private DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;//折扣策略
public String getName() ...{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) ...{
this.name = name;
}
public double getPrice() ...{
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) ...{
this.price = price;
}
public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy() ...{
return discountStrategy;
}