BGP策略实验

一、实验要求

1、使用PreVal策略，确保R4通过R2到达192.168.10.0/24
2、使用AS_Path策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.11.0/24
3、配置HED策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.12.0/24
4、使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R2到达192.168.1.0/24
5、使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R3到达192.168.2.0/24
6、配置负载均衡，确保R1通过R2和R3到达192.168.3.0/24
7、使用As策略，AS 500不接受任何始发于AS 123的路由
8、使用自定义Community策略，确保192.168.3.0/24路由不会被发布到AS 500
9、IBGP使用环回接口建邻，EBGP使用物理接口建邻
10、修改AS 123中的用户网段为Broadcast,方便后续在BGP中宣告
11、BGP宣告路由时，仅宣告24网段的用户路由

二、实验目的

1、拓扑
2、需求分析
3、配置
4、验证

三、实验步骤

1、拓扑

2、需求分析

（1）配置接口IP地址及环回。

（2）启动OSPF（基于IGP协议路由可达），让AS 123内部跑通。内网跑通。

（3）修改环回接口网络类型为Broadcast。

（4）启动BGP协议，使得建邻成功。

（5）宣告路由，互相学习到所有私网路由信息。

（6）策略实现实验要求。

3、配置

（1）配置接口IP地址及环回。

[R1]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.100.1 24
[R1-LoopBack1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.0.0.2 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 15.0.0.1 24
 
[R2]int l 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[R2-LoopBack1]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
 
[R3]int l 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.30.1 24
[R3-LoopBack1]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.0.0.1 24
 
 
[R4]int l 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[R4-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[R4-LoopBack1]int l 2
[R4-LoopBack2]ip add 192.168.3.1 24
[R4-LoopBack2]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.0.0.1 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
 
[R5]int l 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[R5-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.11.1 24
[R5-LoopBack1]int l 2
[R5-LoopBack2]ip add 192.168.12.1 24
[R5-LoopBack2]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 15.0.0.2 24

（2）启动OSPF（基于IGP协议路由可达），让AS 123内部跑通。内网跑通。

[R1]ospf 1 rou 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 12.0.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 13.0.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.100.1 0.0.0.0
 
[R2]ospf 1 rou 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.20.1 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 12.0.0.1 0.0.0.0
 
[R3]ospf 1 rou 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.1 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 13.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

（3）修改环回接口网络类型为Broadcast。

[R1]int l 1	
[R1-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast 
 
[R2]int l 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast 
 
[R3]int l 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast 

（4）启动BGP协议，使得建邻成功。

[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]peer 24.0.0.2 as 123
[R4-bgp]peer 34.0.0.2 as 123
 
[R2]bgp 123
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]peer 24.0.0.1 as 400
[R2-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 as 123
[R2-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 con l0
[R2-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 next-hop-local
 
[R3]bgp 123
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]peer 34.0.0.1 as 400
[R3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 as 123
[R3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 con l0
[R3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 next-hop-local
 
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as 123
[R1-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 con l0
[R1-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local
[R1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as 123
[R1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 con l0
[R1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local
[R1-bgp]peer 15.0.0.2 as 500
 
[R5]bgp 500
[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-bgp]peer 15.0.0.1 as 123

（5）宣告路由，互相学习到所有私网路由信息。

[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]net 192.168.1.0 24
[R4-bgp]net 192.168.2.0 24
[R4-bgp]net 192.168.3.0 24
 
[R2]bgp 123
[R2-bgp]net 192.168.20.0 24
 
[R3]bgp 123
[R3-bgp]net 192.168.30.0 24
 
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]net 192.168.100.0 24
 
[R5]bgp 500
[R5-bgp]net 192.168.10.0 24
[R5-bgp]net 192.168.11.0 24
[R5-bgp]net 192.168.12.0 24

（6）策略实现实验要求。

先查看各个路由的路由学习情况：

• 使用PreVa1策略，确保R4通过R2到达192.168.10.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix pv permit 192.168.10.0 24
[R4]route-policy pv permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix pv
[R4-route-policy]apply preferred-value 100
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]route-policy pv permit node 100
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]peer 24.0.0.2 route-policy pv import

• 使用AS_Path策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.11.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix ap permit 192.168.11.0 24
[R4]route-policy pv permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix ap
[R4-route-policy]apply as-path 123 additive
[R4-route-policy]q

• 配置MED策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.12.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix med permit 192.168.12.0 24
[R4]route-policy pv permit node 30
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix med
[R4-route-policy]apply cost 20
[R4-route-policy]q

• 使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R2到达192.168.1.0/24

[R1]ip ip-prefix lp1 permit 192.168.1.0 24
[R1]route-policy lp1 permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix lp1
[R1-route-policy]apply local-preference 200
[R1-route-policy]q
[R1]route-policy lp1 permit node 100
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R1-route-policy]q
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 route-policy lp1 import

• 使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R3到达192.168.2.0/24 

[R1]ip ip-prefix lp2 permit 192.168.2.0 24
[R1]route-policy lp2 permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix lp2
[R1-route-policy]apply local-preference 200
[R1-route-policy]q
[R1]route-policy lp2 permit node 100
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R1-route-policy]q
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 route-policy lp2 import

• 配置负载均衡，确保R1通过R2和R3到达192.168.3.0/24

[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]maximum load-balancing 2

• 使用As策略，AS 500不接受任何始发于AS 123的路由 

[R5]ip as-path-filter 1 deny _123$
[R5]ip as-path-filter 1 permit .*
[R5]bgp 500
[R5-bgp]peer 15.0.0.1 as-path-filter 1 import

• 使 用自定义Community策略，确保192.168.3.0/24路由不会被发布到AS 500

[R4]route-policy com-1 permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R4-route-policy]apply community 400:111
[R4-route-policy]q
[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]net 192.168.3.0 24 route-policy com-1
 
[R4-bgp]peer 24.0.0.2 advertise-community
[R4-bgp]peer 34.0.0.2 advertise-community
 
[R2]bgp 123
[R2-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 advertise-community
 
[R3]bgp 123
[R3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 advertise-community
 
[R2]ip community-filter 1 permit 400:111
[R2]route-policy com permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]if-match community-filter 1
[R2-route-policy]apply community no-export additive
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]route-policy com permit node 100
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R2-route-policy]q
 
[R3]ip community-filter 1 permit 400:111
[R3]route-policy com permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R3-route-policy]if-match community-filter 1
[R3-route-policy]apply community no-export additive
[R3-route-policy]q
[R3]route-policy com permit node 100
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[R3-route-policy]q
 
[R2]bgp 123
[R2-bgp]peer 24.0.0.1 route-policy com import
 
[R3]bgp 123
[R3-bgp]peer 34.0.0.1 route-policy com import

4、验证

直连互 ping 测试

查看建邻情况

        

查看一下R1的BGP表

  

做完限制，R5的路由表

  

查看R5，R2，R3以及R1的BGP表，检测是否成功