AVL树的实现

以下是AYL树的模拟实现

#pragma once
#include<assert.h>

template<class K, class V>
struct AVLTreeNode
{
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _left;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _right;
	AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _parent;
	pair<K, V> _kv;

	int _bf; // balance factor

	AVLTreeNode(const pair<K, V>& kv)
		:_left(nullptr)
		,_right(nullptr)
		,_parent(nullptr)
		,_kv(kv)
		,_bf(0)
	{}
};

template<class K, class V>
class AVLTree
{
	typedef AVLTreeNode<K, V> Node;
public:
	bool Insert(const pair<K, V>& kv)
	{
		if (_root == nullptr)
		{
			_root = new Node(kv);
			return true;
		}

		Node* parent = nullptr;
		Node* cur = _root;

		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_kv.first < kv.first)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_kv.first > kv.first)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		cur = new Node(kv);
		if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first)
		{
			parent->_right = cur;
			cur->_parent = parent;
		}
		else
		{
			parent->_left = cur;
			cur->_parent = parent;
		}

		while (parent)
		{
			if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				parent->_bf--;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_bf++;
			}

			if (parent->_bf == 0)
			{
				break;
			}
			else if(parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
			{
				cur = parent;
				parent = parent->_parent;
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
			{
				if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == 1)
				{
					RotateL(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateR(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateRL(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == 1)
				{
					RotateLR(parent);
				}
				
				// 1、旋转让这颗子树平衡了
				// 2、旋转降低了这颗子树的高度，恢复到跟插入前一样的高度，所以对上一层没有影响，不用继续更新
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				assert(false);
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	void RotateL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subR = parent->_right;
		Node* subRL = subR->_left;

		parent->_right = subRL;
		subR->_left = parent;

		Node* parentParent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_parent = subR;
		if(subRL)
			subRL->_parent = parent;
		
		if (_root == parent)
		{
			_root = subR;
			subR->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parentParent->_left == parent)
			{
				parentParent->_left = subR;
			}
			else
			{
				parentParent->_right = subR;
			}

			subR->_parent = parentParent;
		}

		parent->_bf = subR->_bf = 0;
	}

	void RotateR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subL = parent->_left;
		Node* subLR = subL->_right;

		parent->_left = subLR;
		if (subLR)
			subLR->_parent = parent;

		Node* parentParent = parent->_parent;

		subL->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = subL;

		if (_root == parent)
		{
			_root = subL;
			subL->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parentParent->_left == parent)
			{
				parentParent->_left = subL;
			}
			else
			{
				parentParent->_right = subL;
			}

			subL->_parent = parentParent;
		}

		subL->_bf = parent->_bf = 0;
	}

	void RotateRL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subR = parent->_right;
		Node* subRL = subR->_left;
		int bf = subRL->_bf;

		RotateR(parent->_right);
		RotateL(parent);

		if (bf == 0)
		{
			// subRL自己就是新增
			parent->_bf = subR->_bf = subRL->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			// subRL的左子树新增
			parent->_bf = 0;
			subRL->_bf = 0;
			subR->_bf = 1;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			// subRL的右子树新增
			parent->_bf = -1;
			subRL->_bf = 0;
			subR->_bf = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}

	void RotateLR(Node* parent)
	{
		//...
		RotateL(parent->_left);
		RotateR(parent);
	}


	void InOrder()
	{
		_InOrder(_root);
		cout << endl;
	}

	void _InOrder(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return;

		_InOrder(root->_left);
		cout << root->_kv.first << " ";
		_InOrder(root->_right);
	}

	bool IsBalance()
	{
		return _IsBalance(_root);
	}

	int _Height(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return 0;

		int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left);
		int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right);

		return leftHeight > rightHeight ? leftHeight + 1 : rightHeight + 1;
	}

	bool _IsBalance(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return true;

		int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left);
		int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right);
		if (rightHeight - leftHeight != root->_bf)
		{
			cout << root->_kv.first << "平衡因子异常" << endl;
			return false;
		}

		return abs(rightHeight - leftHeight) < 2
			&& _IsBalance(root->_left)
			&& _IsBalance(root->_right);
	}

private:
	Node* _root = nullptr;
};

测试：

#include<iostream>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

#include"AVLTree.h"

//int main()
//{
//	map<string, string> dict;
//	dict.insert(make_pair("left", "左边"));
//	dict.insert(make_pair("left", "剩余"));
//	dict.insert(make_pair("left", "左边"));
//
//	for (auto& kv : dict)
//	{
//		cout << kv.first << ":" << kv.second << endl;
//	}
//
//
//
//	return 0;
//}

//int main()
//{
//	//int a[] = { 16, 3, 7, 11, 9, 26, 18, 14, 15 };
//	int a[] = { 4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 5, 15, 7, 16, 14 };
//	AVLTree<int, int> t;
//	for (auto e : a)
//	{
//		t.Insert(make_pair(e, e));
//	}
//	t.InOrder();
//	cout << t.IsBalance() << endl;
//
//	return 0;
//}

int main()
{
	const int N = 30;
	vector<int> v;
	v.reserve(N);
	//srand(time(0));

	for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(rand());
		cout << v.back() << endl;
	}

	AVLTree<int, int> t;
	for (auto e : v)
	{
		if (e == 14604)
		{
			int x = 0;
		}

		t.Insert(make_pair(e, e));
		cout << "Insert:" << e << "->" << t.IsBalance() << endl;
	}

	cout << t.IsBalance() << endl;

	return 0;
}