【HCIP】MGRE环境下的OSPF实验-又是奋斗的一天

小露最可爱

已于 2024-07-10 17:54:33 修改

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文章标签：网络学习

于 2024-07-10 17:47:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2201_75534982/article/details/140299361

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题目

需求分析

1.给网络划分网段，全网通

2.R6为中心设备，只为它配置接口的IP地址

3.给R1-R5都配置一个私有网段并设置环回用于模拟PC

4.R1/R4/R5配置全连的MGRE网络，即每台设备都既是中心又是分支

5.R1/R2/R3配置星型结构的MGRE网络，R1为中心站点，R2R3为分支

6.所有私网网段配置OSPF

需求实现

需求1--给网络划分网段，全网通

进入各设备配置ip，此外还要为每台设备配置去公网的静态路由

R1：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:43:03-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 11.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:43:33-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

R2：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 20.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:45:13-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.2.1 24

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 20.0.0.2

R3：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 30.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:46:47-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.3.1 24

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 30.0.0.2

R4：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R4

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 40.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:48:14-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.4.1 24

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 40.0.0.2

R5：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R5

[R5]interface g	
[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 50.0.0.1 8
Jul  9 2024 17:49:53-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[R5]interface LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.5.1 24

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 50.0.0.2

需求2--R6为中心设备，只为它配置接口的IP地址

R6：

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys ISP

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 8
Jul  9 2024 17:51:14-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 11.0.0.2 8
Jul  9 2024 17:51:30-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 20.0.0.2 8
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]
Jul  9 2024 17:51:50-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]q

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/1
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/1]ip address 30.0.0.2 8
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/1]
Jul  9 2024 17:52:25-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/1]q

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/3
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/3]ip address 40.0.0.2 8
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/3]
Jul  9 2024 17:52:46-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/3 has entered the UP state. 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/3]q

[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/2
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/2]ip address 50.0.0.2 8
[ISP-GigabitEthernet4/0/2]
Jul  9 2024 17:53:04-08:00 ISP %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[5]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/2 has entered the UP state.

需求3--给R1-R5都配置一个私有网段并设置环回用于模拟PC

R1：

[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24

R2-R5的配置与R1类似，按照需求1图配置

需求4--R1/R4/R5配置全连的MGRE网络，即每台设备都既是中心又是分支

每台设备都既是中心也是分支，就像这种感觉

先为每台设备都配置中心的配置，在做分支的配置

PS：因为MGRE是类似于NBMA的网络，只支持单播发送，所以需要先在中心开启伪广播

R1：

[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.6.1 24

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2	
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 11.0.0.1
Jul 10 2024 16:08:20-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.2 40.0.0.1 register 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.3 50.0.0.1 register

R4：

[R4]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.6.2 24

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]source 40.0.0.1
Jul 10 2024 16:13:47-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.1 11.0.0.1 register 
Info: This peer protocol address conflicts with hub register peer protocol addre
ss. 
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.3 50.0.0.1 register

R5：

[R5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.6.3 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source 50.0.0.1
Jul 10 2024 16:11:40-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.1 11.0.0.1 register 
Info: This peer protocol address conflicts with hub register peer protocol addre
ss. 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.6.2 40.0.0.1 register 
Info: This peer protocol address conflicts with hub register peer protocol addre
ss.

现在接口显示邻居信息测试一下

需求5--R1/R2/R3配置星型结构的MGRE网络，R1为中心站点，R2R3为分支

跟上一要求差不多，在R1做中心配置，R2R3做分支配置

R1：

[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]ip address 192.168.7.1 24

[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Jul 10 2024 16:32:31-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]nhrp network-id 200
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

R2：

[R2]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.7.2 24

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Jul 10 2024 16:34:00-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 200
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.7.1 12.0.0.1 register

R3：

[R3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.7.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Jul 10 2024 16:35:59-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 200
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.7.1 12.0.0.1 register

在R1显示邻居测试一下

需求6--所有私网网段配置OSPF

因为整个网络比较小，所以一个区域就够了

R1：

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.255

R2：

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.255

R3：

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.255

R4：

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255

R5：

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255

在显示路由表测试一下

我们发现每台设备的信息都不全，甚至是没有

在看一下ospf接口信息发现了问题

怎么是p2p啊，所以我们先把所有设备的ospf都改成以太网，看看能不能解决问题

[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

在看一下路由表

现在就只有R2有问题了，其他路由器都有了除R2以外的路由信息

再看一下R2的ospf接口

可以发现R2的环回被默认识别为了p2p，接着改

[R2-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast

修改成功了，但还是没有其他设备的路由信息，再想想其他办法

我们先假设一下是不是OSPF的DR/BDR选举冲突了，尝试把除R1以外的设备的OSPF优先级设置为0，让它们放弃选举

[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R4-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

非常amazing啊，进入full状态了

再看一下路由表

OSPF完美运行

测试

R1环回pingR4环回

R3环回pingR5环回

R2环回pingR1环回

总结

1.全连的MGRE和星型的MGRE都相差无几，无非是星型的只有一个中心，全连的每台设备都是中心。

2.OSPF失败的原因可能有以下几个

问题	解决方法
OSPFv2通过组播发送信息，但MGRE是类似于NBMA的网络	再MGRE的中心开启伪广播
接口的OSPF网络类型不是以太网络，或者说是类型不统一	将接口的OSPF网络类型统一修改为以太网
设备之间DR/BDR选举冲突	人为选择一个DR设备，调高他的优先级，或是让一个区域的其他设备放弃选举

小露最可爱

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【HCIP】MGRE环境下的OSPF实验-又是奋斗的一天

1.全连的MGRE和星型的MGRE都相差无几，无非是星型的只有一个中心，全连的每台设备都是中心。2.OSPF失败的原因可能有以下几个问题解决方法OSPFv2通过组播发送信息，但MGRE是类似于NBMA的网络再MGRE的中心开启伪广播接口的OSPF网络类型不是以太网络，或者说是类型不统一将接口的OSPF网络类型统一修改为以太网设备之间DR/BDR选举冲突人为选择一个DR设备，调高他的优先级，或是让一个区域的其他设备放弃选举。
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