目录
3.手工聚合>自动聚合>network>import>从对等体处学来的
10.优选RID(Originator-ID)最小的设备通告的路由(有起源者属性只比较起源者属性小的,不看RID;没有起源者属性才比较RID)
11.优选具有最小IP地址的对等体通告的路由
前提条件—丢弃所有不可用的路由信息
自上而下比对,一旦比对出则不再向下比对
属性名称 | 传播范围 | 默认值 | 评判标准 |
PV | 不传播 | 0(0-65535) | 越大越优 |
LP | IBGP 对等体之间 | 100 | 越大越优 |
AS-PATH | BGP的对等体之间传递 | 越短越优 | |
OGN | BGP的对等体之间传递 | I>E>? | |
MED | BGP的对等体之间传递 | MED继承了路由表中的开销值 | 越小越优 |
1.优选PV值最大的路由(越大越优)
该属性时华为设备的一个私有属性,是本设备(不能传递只在本设备生效)上选路优先级最高的属性,也是在一台设备上最方便干涉选路的属性
配置:[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 preferred-value 100—修改R3发送过来的路由的PV值
①抓流量
[r4]ip ip-prefix PV permit 10.0.0.0 24
②做路由策略
[r4]route-policy PV permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix PV
[r4-route-policy]apply preferred-value 100
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]route-policy PV permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r4-route-policy]q
③调用
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 route-policy PV import
出方向是影响他人、入方向是影响自己
2.优选LP值最大的路由
本地优先级属性,在一个AS内部进行选路最优的属性,这个属性可以在一个AS内部传递
配置:[r3-bgp]default local-preference 200—全局修改LP值
①抓流量
[r2]ip ip-prefix LP permit 10.0.0.0 24
②做路由策略
[r2]route-policy LP permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix LP
[r2-route-policy]apply local-preference 50
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]route-policy LP permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r2-route-policy]q
③调用
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 route-policy LP export
3.手工聚合>自动聚合>network>import>从对等体处学来的
4.优选AS-PATH属性最短的路由(不要影响防环机制)
特殊情况:
①如果AS-PATH属性存在大括号,则大括号在选路时,需要看作是一个AS整体
②如果AS-PATH属性存在小括号,则选路中不关注小括号
干涉选路:
抓流量:[r2]ip ip-prefix AS permit 10.1.1.0 24
做路由策略:[r2]route-policy AS permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix AS
[r2-route-policy]apply as-path 20 30 additive
[r2]route-policy AS permit node 20
调用:[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 route-policy AS import
入方向:策略先生效、AS-PATH属性后生效
抓流量: [r1]ip ip-prefix AS permit 10.0.0.0 24
做路由策略: [r1]route-policy AS permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix AS
[r1-route-policy]apply as-path 11 22 ?
INTEGER<1-4294967295> AS number in asplain format (number<1-4294967295>)
STRING<3-11> AS number in asdot format
(number<1-65535>.number<0-65535>)
additive Append to original As Number
overwrite Overwrite original As Number
[r1-route-policy]apply as-path 11 22 33 ?
INTEGER<1-4294967295> AS number in asplain format (number<1-4294967295>)
STRING<3-11> AS number in asdot format
(number<1-65535>.number<0-65535>)
additive Append to original As Number—在原先AS_PATH属性的基础上,增加AS号
overwrite Overwrite original As Number—将覆盖掉原先的属性,变成定义的AS号
[r1-route-policy]apply as-path 11 22 33 additive
[r1]route-policy AS permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r1-route-policy]q
调用:[r1-bgp]peer 12.0.0.2 route-policy AS export
出方向:AS-PATH属性先生效、策略后生效
Additive:添加AS-PATH号
Overwrite:覆盖之前的AS-PATH号
为了避免对AS_PATH属性防环特性的影响,我们可以添加AS-PATH属性中,已有的AS号,仅改变AS-PATH属性的长短
5.比较OGN属性,I>E>?
①抓流量
[r1]ip ip-prefix OGN permit 10.0.0.0 24
②做路由策略
[r1]route-policy OGN permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix OGN
[r1-route-policy]apply origin ?
egp Remote EGP
igp Local IGP
incomplete Unknown heritage
[r1-route-policy]apply origin incomplete
[r1-route-policy]q
[r1]route-policy OGN permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r1-route-policy]
③调用
[r1-bgp]peer 12.0.0.2 route-policy OGN export
6.优选MED值属性最小的路由(越小越优)
MED—多出口鉴别属性—BGP协议在进行宣告时,MED属性将继承路由表中的开销值,便于本地的EBGP对等体所在的AS内部设备选路;若本地通过IBGP对等体学习到BGP路由,之后再发送给EBGP对等体时,将不会携带MED属性,因为他不能反映自身真实的开销情况,但是这样设计也会造成选路不佳;所以,建议所有边界设备发布路由都同时发布
注意:多出口鉴别属性一定需要在多出口环境下使用,我们可以通过比较路由条目AS-PATH属性最左边的AS号来判断是否是从同一个AS发出,如果从同一个AS发出,则判定为多出口环境,否则,将不比较第六条,直接比较后面的规则
①抓流量
[r3]ip ip-prefix MED permit 4.4.4.0 24
②做路由策略
[r3]route-policy MED permit node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix MED
[r3-route-policy]apply cost 10
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]route-policy MED permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r3-route-policy]q
③调用
[r3-bgp]peer 13.0.0.1 route-policy MED export
详细查看路由传递的信息命令