图书管理系统java

1 分析图书管理系统如何实现

首先我们需要区分出管理员与普通用户，利用继承和多态可以实现用户需求;

普通用户：查找图书，借阅图书，归还图书，退出系统。

管理员： 查找图书，新增图书，删除图书，展示图书，退出系统。

我们可以将各个操作都封装起来，单独的设计成一个类，且这些操作都需要遵循一定的规范，而接口实际上就是定义了一种规范，这里可以使用接口来进行实现。

2 将图书管理系统的功能具体实现

分为3个包 book 、operation、user
1、book：用来存放书架和书籍
2、operation：用来实现用户的各种功能
3、user：用户界面进行选择

由此可分配包里的方法

book：
BookList,
Book
operation:
AddOperation
BorrowedOperation
DelOperation
ExitOperation
FindOperation
IOPeration (操作接口的实现)
ReturnOperation
ShowOperation
user
AdminUser
NormalUser
User
框架搭好后用main方法进行测试

3代码测试

Main

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {

    //可以利用返回值 的向上转型 达到发挥的一致性
    public static User login() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1-》管理员  0-》普通用户");
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice == 1) {
            return new AdminUser(name);
        }else {
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BookList bookList = new BookList();

        User user = login();
        //首先判断是哪个菜单
        while (true) {
            int choice = user.menu();//用户选择操作

            user.doOperation(choice, bookList);


        }
    }
}

book

Booklist

{
    private String name;//书名
    private String author;//作者
    private int price;//价格
    private String type;//类型
    private boolean isBorrowed;//默认为false

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ((isBorrowed == true) ? "  已经被借出":"  未被借出")+//这里因为bollean类型默认为，所以要进行判断
                '}';
    }
}

BookList

package book;

public class BookList {

    private Book[] books = new Book[10];

    private int usedSize;//计数器

    public BookList() {

        this.books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",10,"小说");
        this.books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",23,"小说");;
        this.books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",8,"小说");;
        this.usedSize = 3;//定义书的数量,在add和del中可修改
    }

    public Book getBook(int pos) {
        return books[pos];
    }

    public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
        books[pos] = book;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
}

operation

AddOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AddOperation implements IOPeration{
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("新增图书！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入作者：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入价格：");
        int price = scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入类型：");
        String type = scanner.nextLine();

        Book book = new Book(name,author,price,type);
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        //如果有这本书 就不能添加了
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i);
            //因为是添加，所以要判断书架里面是否存在相同的书
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("书名重复，不能添加！");
                return;//结束循环
            }
        }//后面的功能模式基本相同

        //此时默认为放到数组最后
        bookList.setBooks(currentSize,book);

        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);//书架数量+1

    }
}

BorrowedOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowedOperation implements IOPeration{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        //如果有这本书 就不能添加了
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                if(!book1.isBorrowed()) {
                    book1.setBorrowed(true);
                    System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                }else {
                    System.out.println("这本书已经被借走了！");
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有你要借阅的图书！");
    }
}

DelOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class DelOperation implements IOPeration{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("删除图书！");

        //1、找到你要删除的书
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();
        if(currentSize == 0) {
            System.out.println("书架为空，不能删除！");
            return;
        }

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();


        int index = -1;
        //如果有这本书 就不能添加了
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        //2、index ！= -1  有这本书 开始删除
        if(index == -1) {
            System.out.println("没有你要删除的书！");
            return;
        }

        for (int i = index; i < currentSize-1; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i+1);
            bookList.setBooks(i,book1);
        }

        //当书放删掉之后 需要维持usedSize
        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);
    }
}

ExitOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;


public class ExitOperation implements IOPeration {
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("退出系统！");

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            bookList.setBooks(i,null);
        }
        bookList.setUsedSize(0);

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

FindOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class FindOperation implements IOPeration{
    public void work(BookList bookList){
        System.out.println("查找图书！");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book.getName().equals(name)) {
                System.out.println("找到了你查找的书：");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("不好意思，你好像没有这本书！！");
    }
}

IOPeration

package operation;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOPeration {
    void work(BookList bookList);//基于书架进行操作
}

ReturnOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class ReturnOperation implements IOPeration{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("归还图书！");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        //如果有这本书 就不能添加了
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book1 = bookList.getBook(i);
            if(book1.getName().equals(name)) {
                book1.setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功！");
                return;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书！");
    }
}

ShowOperation

package operation;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;


public class ShowOperation implements IOPeration{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示图书！");

        int currentSize = bookList.getUsedSize();

        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
            //Book book = bookList[i];
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

user

AdminUser

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class AdminUser extends User{

    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);

        this.ioPerations = new IOPeration[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation()
        };//匿名内部类
    }

    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("************************");
        System.out.println("hello "+ this.name + " 欢迎来到管理员菜单！");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 新增图书");
        System.out.println("3. 删除图书");
        System.out.println("4. 显示图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;//此时要返回，不然输入数字无反应
    }

}

NormalUser

package user;

import operation.*;

import java.util.Scanner;


public class NormalUser extends User{

    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.ioPerations = new IOPeration[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BorrowedOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation()
        };
    }

    public int menu() {
        System.out.println("************************");
        System.out.println("hello "+ this.name + " 欢迎来到普通用户菜单！");
        System.out.println("1. 查找图书");
        System.out.println("2. 借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3. 归还图书");
        System.out.println("0. 退出系统");
        System.out.println("************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }

}

User

package user;

import book.BookList;
import operation.IOPeration;


public abstract class User {
    protected String name;//姓名
    public IOPeration[] ioPerations;//未初始化大小

    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract int menu();

    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
        ioPerations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

代码中有简单的批注
以上就是所有内容，感谢观看