Android 持久化技术

塔塔o

于 2024-08-03 12:24:11 发布

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文章标签： android 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2201_75709573/article/details/140880339

版权

1. 用户登陆界面

（ 1 ）创建一个 LoginActivity ，对应的布局文件 activity_login 。

（ 2 ）具备两个 TextView 和两个 EditText 控件，分别用于显示和输入用户名和密码。

（ 3 ）添加 “ 注册 ” 和 “ 登陆 ” 两个按钮（ Button ）。

（ 4 ）添加 “ 记住我 ” 功能：插入一个 CheckBox 控件，当用户勾选该勾选框，当点击 “ 登陆 ”

按钮时，判断该勾选框，如果勾选，则把用户名和密码保存起来，要求采用文本存储方式保

存下来。

（ 5 ）点击 “ 注册 ” ，可以根据用户名和密码对应的 EditText ，将用户名和密码保存起来，

要求采用 SharedPreferences 保存用户名和密码数据，同时需要确保用户名不重复（区分

大小写）。

（ 6 ）点击 “ 登陆 ” ，通过 SharedPreferences 读取用户密码数据，并进行匹配，只有匹

配成功，才能成功登陆，跳转到 MainActivity （下一个设计内容）

2. 图书信息数据库和显示界面

（ 1 ）需要保存的信息：书本信息（下表左），和书本所属类别（下表右）。每本书有其

所属的类别。

create table Book (
id integer primary key autoincrement,
author text,
price real,
pages integer,
name text

category_id integer

)

create table Category (
id integer primary key autoincrement
category_name text,
category_code integer)

使用 SqlLite 数据库创建数据库 library ，并创建 Book 和 Category 这两个表。往

Category 里插入 2 条默认书类别数据（如：经济类， 1 ）。

（ 2 ）界面设计：

① 创建一个 MainActivity ，对应的布局为 activity_main 。

② 添加一个 RecyclerView ，用于显示所有的图书条目信息，每个条目显示书的名字、

作者、类别和价格。

③ 添加一个 “ 添加书目 ” 的按钮，用于跳转进入 AddBookActivity 。

④ 在 AddBookActivity 中，可以添加一本书的信息到数据库中。提示：

AddBookActivity 需要的组件包括： EditText 、 TextView 、 Button 或 Spinner 。

提醒：可以在 RecyclerView 的适配器里面进行数据库的查询操作。

3.应用运行功能的截图

登录成功后进入首页面：

4.源码

Book.kt

data class Book(

val author : String ,

val price : Double ,

val pages : Int ,

val name : String ,

val categoryId : Int

)

Category.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

data class Category(

val id : Int ,

val categoryName : String ,

val categoryCode : Int

)

LoginActivity.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

import android.content.Context

import android.content.Intent

import android.content.SharedPreferences

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import android.os.Bundle

import android.widget.Button

import android.widget.CheckBox

import android.widget.EditText

import android.widget.Toast

class LoginActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var usernameEditText : EditText

private lateinit var passwordEditText : EditText

private lateinit var rememberMeCheckBox : CheckBox

private lateinit var sharedPreferences : SharedPreferences

override fun onCreate (savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState)

setContentView(R.layout. activity_login )

usernameEditText = findViewById(R.id. usernameEditText )

passwordEditText = findViewById(R.id. passwordEditText )

rememberMeCheckBox = findViewById(R.id. rememberMeCheckBox )

val loginButton: Button = findViewById(R.id. loginButton )

val registerButton: Button = findViewById(R.id. registerButton )

sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences( "MyPrefs" ,

Context. MODE_PRIVATE )

loginButton.setOnClickListener {

val username = usernameEditText . text .toString()

val password = passwordEditText . text .toString()

if (validateLogin(username , password)) {

if ( rememberMeCheckBox . isChecked ) {

rememberUser(username , password)

}

val intent = Intent( this @LoginActivity ,

MainActivity:: class . java )

startActivity(intent)

finish()

} else {

Toast.makeText( this @LoginActivity , "Invalid username or

password" , Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show()

}

registerButton.setOnClickListener {

val username = usernameEditText . text .toString()

val password = passwordEditText . text .toString()

if (registerUser(username , password)) {

Toast.makeText( this @LoginActivity , "Registration

successful" , Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show()

} else {

Toast.makeText( this @LoginActivity , "Username already

exists" , Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show()

}

} private fun validateLogin (username: String , password: String): Boolean

{

val storedPassword = sharedPreferences .getString(username , null )

return storedPassword == password

}

private fun rememberUser (username: String , password: String) {

val editor = sharedPreferences .edit()

editor.putString(username , password)

editor.apply()

}

private fun registerUser (username: String , password: String): Boolean {

if (! sharedPreferences .contains(username)) {

val editor = sharedPreferences .edit()

editor.putString(username , password)

editor.apply()

return true

}

return false

}

activity_login.xml

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?>

<RelativeLayout

xmlns: android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="match_parent"

android :padding ="16dp" >

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/usernameTextView"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Username"

android :layout_marginBottom ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/usernameEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :layout_below ="@id/usernameTextView"

android :hint ="Enter username"

android :padding ="12dp"

10 android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp" />

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/passwordTextView"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :layout_below ="@id/usernameEditText"

android :text ="Password"

android :layout_marginBottom ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/passwordEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :layout_below ="@id/passwordTextView"

android :inputType ="textPassword"

android :hint ="Enter password"

android :padding ="12dp"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp" />

<CheckBox

android :id ="@+id/rememberMeCheckBox"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Remember me"

android :layout_below ="@id/passwordEditText"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp" />

<Button

android :id ="@+id/loginButton"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Login"

android :layout_below ="@id/rememberMeCheckBox"

android :layout_marginBottom ="8dp" />

<Button

android :id ="@+id/registerButton"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Register"

android :layout_below ="@id/loginButton" />

</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

import android.content.Intent

import android.os.Bundle

import android.view.View

import android.widget.Button

import android.widget.TextView

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var recyclerView : RecyclerView

private lateinit var bookAdapter : BookAdapter

private lateinit var emptyView : TextView

override fun onCreate (savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState)

setContentView(R.layout. activity_main )

recyclerView = findViewById(R.id. recyclerView )

recyclerView . layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager( this )

bookAdapter = BookAdapter(getAllBooksFromDatabase())

recyclerView . adapter = bookAdapter

checkEmptyViewVisibility()

val dbHelper = DatabaseHelper(this, "BookStore.db", 2)

val createDatabase =

findViewById<Button>(R.id.createDatabase)

createDatabase.setOnClickListener {

dbHelper.writableDatabase

}

val addData = findViewById<Button>(R.id. addData )

addData.setOnClickListener {

val intent = Intent( this @MainActivity ,

AddBookActivity:: class . java )

startActivity(intent)

}

private fun getAllBooksFromDatabase (): List<Book> { val dbHelper = DatabaseHelper( this, "BookStore.db" , 2 )

val db = dbHelper. readableDatabase

val query = "SELECT * FROM Book"

val cursor = db.rawQuery(query , null )

val books = mutableListOf <Book>()

while (cursor.moveToNext()) {

val nameIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex( "name" )

val authorIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex( "author" )

val priceIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex( "price" )

val categoryIdIndex =

cursor.getColumnIndex( "categoryId" )

val name: String? = cursor.getString(nameIndex)

val author: String? = cursor.getString(authorIndex)

val price: Double = cursor.getDouble(priceIndex)

val categoryId: Int = cursor.getInt(categoryIdIndex)

// 使用空字符串作为默认值

val book = Book(author ?: "" , price , 0 , name ?: "" ,

categoryId)

books.add(book)

}

cursor.close()

return books

}

private fun checkEmptyViewVisibility () {

emptyView = findViewById(R.id. emptyTextView )

if ( bookAdapter . itemCount == 0 ) {

emptyView . visibility = View. VISIBLE

} else {

emptyView . visibility = View. GONE

}

activity_main.xml

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?>

<LinearLayout xmlns: android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android :orientation ="vertical"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="match_parent" >

<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

android :id ="@+id/recyclerView"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :layout_weight ="1"

android :scrollbars ="vertical" />

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/emptyTextView"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :gravity ="center"

android :visibility ="gone"

android :text ="No books available"

android :textSize ="20sp"

<!--

<Button-->

<!--

android:id="@+id/createDatabase"-->

<!--

android:layout_width="match_parent"-->

<!--

android:layout_height="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:text="Create Database" />-->

<Button

android :id ="@+id/addData"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Add Book" />

<!--

<TextView-->

<!--

android:id="@+id/androidTextView"-->

<!--

android:layout_width="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:layout_height="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:text="Android Text" />-->

<!--

<Button-->

<!--

android:id="@+id/updateData"-->

<!--

android:layout_width="match_parent"-->

<!--

android:layout_height="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:text="Update Data" />-->

<!--

<Button-->

<!--

android:id="@+id/deleteData"-->

<!--

android:layout_width="match_parent"-->

<!--

android:layout_height="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:text="Delete Data" />-->

<!--

<Button--> 15

<!--

android:id="@+id/queryData"-->

<!--

android:layout_width="match_parent"-->

<!--

android:layout_height="wrap_content"-->

<!--

android:text="Query Data"/>-->

</LinearLayout>

DataBaseHelper.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

import android.content.ContentValues

import android.content.Context

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper

import android.widget.Toast

class DatabaseHelper(context: Context , name: String , version: Int) :

SQLiteOpenHelper(context , name , null, version) {

private val createBook = "create table Book (" +

"id integer primary key autoincrement," +

"author text," +

"price real," +

"pages integer," +

"name text," +

"categoryId integer)"

private val createCategory = "create table Category (" +

"id integer primary key autoincrement," +

"category_name text," +

"category_code integer)"

override fun onCreate (db: SQLiteDatabase) {

db.execSQL( createBook )

db.execSQL( createCategory )

Toast.makeText(this@DatabaseHelper, "Tables created

successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

// 插入经济类别记录

val contentValues = ContentValues(). apply {

put( "category_name" , " 经济类 " )

put( "category_code" , 1 )

} 16

db.insert( "Category" , null, contentValues)

}

override fun onUpgrade (db: SQLiteDatabase , oldVersion: Int , newVersion:

Int) {

db.execSQL( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Book" )

db.execSQL( "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Category" )

onCreate(db)

}

AddBookActivity.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

import android.content.ContentValues

import android.content.Intent

import android.os.Bundle

import android.widget.Button

import android.widget.EditText

import android.widget.Toast

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity

class AddBookActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

private lateinit var dbHelper: DatabaseHelper

override fun onCreate (savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {

super .onCreate(savedInstanceState)

setContentView(R.layout. activity_add_book )

dbHelper = DatabaseHelper(this)

val dbHelper =DatabaseHelper( this, "BookStore.db" , 2 )

val addBookButton: Button = findViewById(R.id. addBookButton )

addBookButton.setOnClickListener {

val nameEditText: EditText = findViewById(R.id. nameEditText )

val authorEditText: EditText = findViewById(R.id. authorEditText )

val category: EditText =

findViewById(R.id.categoryIdEditText)

val priceEditText: EditText = findViewById(R.id. priceEditText )

val categoryIdEditText: EditText =

findViewById(R.id. categoryIdEditText )

val name = nameEditText. text .toString()

val author = authorEditText. text .toString() 17

val pages = pagesEditText.text.toString().toIntOrNull() ?: 0

// 处理无效输入

val price = priceEditText. text .toString(). toDoubleOrNull () ?:

0.0 // 处理无效输入

val categoryId =

categoryIdEditText. text .toString(). toIntOrNull () ?: 0 // 处理无效输入

val db = dbHelper. writableDatabase

val values = ContentValues(). apply {

put( "name" , name)

put( "author" , author)

put( "categoryId" , categoryId)

put( "price" , price)

put("categoryId", categoryId)

}

val newRowId = db.insert( "Book" , null, values)

if (newRowId == - 1L ) {

// 插入失败

Toast.makeText( this, " 添加书籍到数据库失败 " ,

Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show()

} else {

// 插入成功

Toast.makeText( this, " 书籍已添加到数据库 " ,

Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show()

}

// 清空输入框

nameEditText. text .clear()

authorEditText. text .clear()

categoryIdEditText. text .clear()

priceEditText. text .clear()

categoryIdEditText.text.clear()

val intent = Intent( this @AddBookActivity ,

MainActivity:: class . java )

startActivity(intent)

finish();

}

activity_add_book.xml

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?> <RelativeLayout

xmlns: android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="match_parent"

android :padding ="16dp" >

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/authorEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :hint ="Author"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp"

android :minWidth ="200dp"

android :minHeight ="48dp"

android :padding ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/priceEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :inputType ="numberDecimal"

android :hint ="Price"

android :layout_below ="@id/authorEditText"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp"

android :minWidth ="200dp"

android :minHeight ="48dp"

android :padding ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/pagesEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :inputType ="number"

android :hint ="Pages"

android :layout_below ="@id/priceEditText"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp"

android :minWidth ="200dp"

android :minHeight ="48dp"

android :padding ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/nameEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

18 android :hint ="Name"

android :layout_below ="@id/pagesEditText"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp"

android :minWidth ="200dp"

android :minHeight ="48dp"

android :padding ="8dp" />

<EditText

android :id ="@+id/categoryIdEditText"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :inputType ="number"

android :hint ="Category ID"

android :layout_below ="@id/nameEditText"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp"

android :minWidth ="200dp"

android :minHeight ="48dp"

android :padding ="8dp" />

<Button

android :id ="@+id/addBookButton"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :text ="Add Book"

android :layout_centerInParent ="true" />

<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

android :id ="@+id/recyclerView"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="match_parent"

android :layout_above ="@id/addBookButton"

android :layout_marginBottom ="16dp" />

</RelativeLayout>

BookAdapter.kt

// BookAdapter.kt

package com.example.mylibrary

import android.view.LayoutInflater

import android.view.View

import android.view.ViewGroup

import android.widget.TextView

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView

class BookAdapter( private val bookList : List<Book>) :

RecyclerView.Adapter<BookAdapter.BookViewHolder>() {

class BookViewHolder(itemView: View) :

RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {

val titleTextView : TextView =

itemView.findViewById(R.id. textViewTitle )

val authorTextView : TextView =

itemView.findViewById(R.id. textViewAuthor )

val categoryTextView : TextView =

itemView.findViewById(R.id. textViewCategory )

val priceTextView : TextView =

itemView.findViewById(R.id. textViewPrice )

}

override fun onCreateViewHolder (parent: ViewGroup , viewType: Int):

BookViewHolder {

val itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent. context )

.inflate(R.layout. item_book , parent , false )

return BookViewHolder(itemView)

}

override fun onBindViewHolder (holder: BookViewHolder , position: Int) {

val currentItem = bookList [position]

holder. titleTextView . text = currentItem. name

holder. authorTextView . text = currentItem. author

holder. categoryTextView . text = currentItem. categoryId .toString()

holder. priceTextView . text = currentItem. price .toString()

}

override fun getItemCount () = bookList . size

}

item_book,xml

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8" ?>

<LinearLayout xmlns: android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android :layout_width ="match_parent"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :orientation ="vertical" >

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/textViewTitle"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :textSize ="18sp"

android :textStyle ="bold"

android :text ="Title" />

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/textViewAuthor"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :textSize ="16sp"

android :text ="Author"

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/textViewCategory"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :textSize ="14sp"

android :text ="Category"

<TextView

android :id ="@+id/textViewPrice"

android :layout_width ="wrap_content"

android :layout_height ="wrap_content"

android :textSize ="14sp"

android :text ="Price"

</LinearLayout>

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Android 持久化技术

1）创建一个，对应的布局文件。2）具备两个TextView和两个EditText控件，分别用于显示和输入用户名和密码。3）添加注册和登陆两个按钮（Button4）添加记住我功能：插入一个CheckBox控件，当用户勾选该勾选框，当点击登陆按钮时，判断该勾选框，如果勾选，则把用户名和密码保存起来，要求采用文本存储方式保存下来。5）点击注册，可以根据用户名和密码对应的EditText，将用户名和密码保存起来，要求采用。
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