作业7.24

第一题： 使用消息队列实现2个终端之间的互相聊天功能

#include <mqueue.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MSG_QUEUE_NAME "/chat_queue"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 100

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    mqd_t mq = mq_open(MSG_QUEUE_NAME, O_RDWR);
    if (mq == (mqd_t)-1) {
        perror("mq_open error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
    ssize_t n;

    while (1) {
        printf("Enter your message: ");
        fgets(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
        mq_send(mq, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
        printf("Message sent\n");

        n = mq_receive(mq, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL);
        if (n > 0)
            printf("Received message: %.*s\n", (int)n, buffer);
        else if (n == -1) {
            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                printf("No messages in the queue\n");
            } else {
                perror("mq_receive error");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }
    }

    mq_close(mq);
    return 0;
}

第二题： 创建一对父子进程，父进程循环输出 A，子进程循环输出a 使用信号灯集同步这对父子进程，实现效果 A_a_A_a ..... _表示休眠1秒

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>

union semun {
    int val;
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short *array;
};

void set_value(int semid, int index, int value) {
    union semun sem_union;
    sem_union.val = value;
    semctl(semid, index, SETVAL, sem_union);
}

int main() {
    int semid = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 2, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
    set_value(semid, 0, 0);  // 父进程信号量初始化为0
    set_value(semid, 1, 1);  // 子进程信号量初始化为1

    int pid = fork();

    if (pid == 0) {  // 子进程
        while (1) {
            semop(semid, &(struct sembuf){1, 0, SEM_UNDO}), 1);  // 等待父进程信号
            printf("a");
            semop(semid, &(struct sembuf){0, 1, SEM_UNDO}), 1);  // 通知父进程
            sleep(1);
        }
    } else {  // 父进程
        while (1) {
            semop(semid, &(struct sembuf){1, -1, SEM_UNDO}), 1);  // 等待子进程信号
            printf("A");
            semop(semid, &(struct sembuf){0, 1, SEM_UNDO}), 1);  // 通知子进程
            sleep(1);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

第三题： 使用共享内存 + 信号灯集实现2个终端之间互相聊天

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define SHM_KEY 1234
#define SEM_KEY 5678
#define BUF_SIZE 100

union semun {
    int val;
    struct semid_ds *buf;
    unsigned short *array;
};

void set_value(int semid, int index, int value) {
    union semun sem_union;
    sem_union.val = value;
    semctl(semid, index, SETVAL, sem_union);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int shm_id, sem_id;
    char *shm;
    struct sembuf op;

    shm_id = shmget(SHM_KEY, BUF_SIZE, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (shm_id == -1) {
        perror("shmget error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    shm = shmat(shm_id, NULL, 0);
    if (shm == (char *)(-1)) {
        perror("shmat error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    sem_id = semget(SEM_KEY, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    set_value(sem_id, 0, 1);

    while (1) {
        op.sem_num = 0;
        op.sem_op = -1;
        op.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
        semop(sem_id, &op, 1);  // 等待信号

        printf("Enter your message: ");
        fgets(shm, BUF_SIZE, stdin);
        printf("Message sent\n");

        op.sem_op = 1;
        semop(sem_id, &op, 1);  // 发送信号

        sleep(1);
    }

    shmdt(shm);
    return 0;
}