在我们写代码的时候相信都会遇到一个问题,那就是当一个类的属性过多,那么当只有一个构造方法中参数数量会很多,并且在实例化的时候给对象赋值也会很麻烦,并且参数也不能可选。Java中有重载方式可以写多个构造方法,实现可伸缩式构造方法,也就是可选参数,缺点是代码可读性不强,JavaBeans构造模式可以解决代码可读性不强,但是并不能可选参数。接下来我要讲的Builder构造模式既能够可选参数,也能够使代码可读性更强。Builder模式具体的实现方法如下:
// Builder模式
public class User{
private String name ;
private String sex ;
private int age ;
private String phoneNumber ;
private String userName ;
private String password ;
public User(){
}
public static class Builder{
//copy外部类的属性
private String name ;
private String sex ;
private int age ;
private String phoneNumber ;
private String userName ;
private String password ;
public Builder(){
}
public Builder(String name,String sex,int age){
this.name=name;
this.sex=sex;
this.age=age;
}
public Builder(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public Builder phoneNumber(String phoneNumber){
this.phoneNumber=phoneNumber;
return this;
}
public Builder userName(String userName){
this.userName=userName;
return this;
}
public Builder password(String password){
this.password=password;
return this;
}
public User build(){
//注意返回的时候写上this,否则会构造失败
return new User(this);
}
}
public User(Builder builder){
this.name=builder.name;
this.sex=builder.sex;
this.age=builder.age;
this.phoneNumber=builder.phoneNumber;
this.userName=builder.userName;
this.password=builder.password;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
//实例化User对象
User user = new User.Builder("小明")
.phoneNumber("11111111111")
.build();
}
}
Builder构造模式实质上是Builder相当于代理,来帮我们创造对象。
该文章参照了《effective-java》这本书,对Builder模式有兴趣的可以去了解一下该书。
今天就到这,谢谢浏览!