string类实现-CSDN博客

//
//  string.hpp
//  String
//
//  Created by 南毅 on 2024/5/8.
//

#ifndef string_hpp
#define string_hpp



#endif /* string_hpp */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

namespace nanyi{
    class String{
    private:
    char* _str;
    size_t _size;
    size_t _capacity;
    const static size_t npos;
    public:
    typedef char* iterator;
    typedef const char* const_iterator;

    //s构造函数、初始化列表
    //拷贝构造
    String(const char* str = "");
    String();
    String(const String& s);
    String& operator=(const String &s);
    ~String();

    const char* c_str() const;
    size_t size() const;
    char& operator[](size_t pos);
    const char& operator[](size_t pos) const;

    iterator begin();
    iterator end();
    const_iterator begin() const;
    const_iterator end() const;

    void reserve(size_t n);

    void push_back(char ch);
    void append(const char* str);

    String& operator+=(char ch);
    String& operator+=(const char* str);

    void insert(size_t pos, char ch);
    void insert(size_t pos, const char* str);
    void erase(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);

    size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0);
    size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0);

    void swap(String& s);
    String substr(size_t pos = 0, size_t len = npos);

    bool operator<(const String& s) const;
    bool operator>(const String& s) const;
    bool operator<=(const String& s) const;
    bool operator>=(const String& s) const;
    bool operator==(const String& s) const;
    bool operator!=(const String& s) const;
    void clear();

};
    istream& operator>> (istream& is, string& str);
    ostream& operator<< (ostream& os, const string& str);
}

1.构造函数（三种）

//构造函数
String::String(const char* str)
    :_size(strlen(str))
{
    _capacity = _size;
    _str = new char[_size + 1];
    strcpy(_str, str);
}
//默认构造
String::String(){
    _str = new char[1]{'\0'};
    _size = _capacity = 0;
}

//拷贝构造
String::String(const String& s)
{
    _str = new char[s._capacity + 1];
    strcpy(_str, s._str);
    _size = s._size;
    _capacity = s._capacity;
    
}

2.c_str()函数

因为C形式字符串是内置类型，所以使用cout打印时编译器会自动识别类型，相当于使用%s进行打印字符串，只需要返回字符串数组首字符地址即可

const char* String:: c_str() const {
    return _str;
}

3.operator[] 重载

可以以数组的形式，通过下标访问数据

char& String::operator[](size_t pos){
    assert(pos < _size);
    return _str[pos];
}

const char& String::operator[](size_t pos) const{
    assert(pos < _size);
    return _str[pos];
}

4.size()函数实现

size_t String::size() const
{
    return _size;
}

5.迭代器

String::iterator String::begin(){
    return _str;
}

String::iterator String::end(){
    return _str + _size;
}

String::const_iterator String::begin() const{
    return _str;
}
String::const_iterator String::end() const{
    return _str + _size;
}

6.reserve()函数实现

void String::reserve(size_t n){
    char* tmp = new char[n+1];
    strcpy(tmp, _str);
    delete [] _str;
    
    _str = tmp;
    _capacity = n;
}

7.push_back()函数实现

void String::push_back(char ch){
    if (_size == _capacity) {
        size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0? 4 : _capacity*2;
        reserve(newcapacity);
    }
    _str[_size] = ch;
    _str[_size + 1] = '\0';
    _size++;
}

8.append()函数实现

void String::append(const char* str){
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    if (_size + len > _capacity) {
        reserve(_size + len);
    }
    
    strcpy(_str + _size, str);
    _size += len;
}

9.operator+=实现

//+=一个字符
String& String::operator+=(char ch){
    push_back(ch);
    return *this;
}
//+=一个字符串
String& String::operator+=(const char* str){
    append(str);
    return *this;
}

10.insert() 实现

void String::insert(size_t pos, char ch){
    assert(pos <= _size);
    if (_size == _capacity) {
        size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0? 4 : _capacity*2;
        reserve(newcapacity);
    }
    size_t end = _size + 1;
    while (end > pos) {
        _str[end] = _str[end-1];
        end--;
    }
    _str[pos] = ch;
    _size++;
}

void String::insert(size_t pos, const char* str){
    assert(pos <= _size);
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    if (_size + len > _capacity) {
        reserve(_size + len);
    }
    size_t end = _size + len;
    while (end >= pos + len) {
        _str[end] = _str[end-len];
        end--;
    }
    memcpy(_str + pos, str, len);
    _size += len;
}

11.erase()函数实现

void String::erase(size_t pos, size_t len){
    assert(pos <= _size);
    if (len >= _size - pos) {
        _str[pos] = '\0';
        _size = pos;
    }else{
        strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
        _size -= len;
    }
}

12.find()函数实现

size_t String::find(char ch, size_t pos){
    for (size_t i = 0; 0 < _size; i++) {
        if (_str[i] == ch) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return npos;
}

size_t String::find(const char* str, size_t pos){
    char* p = strstr(_str + pos,str);
    return p - _str;
}

13.swap()函数实现

void String::swap(String& s){
    std::swap(_str, s._str);
    std::swap(_size, s._size);
    std::swap(_capacity, s._capacity);
}

14.substr()函数实现

String String::substr(size_t pos, size_t len){
    if (len > _size - pos) {
        String sub(_str + pos);
        return sub;
    }else{
        String sub = "";
        sub.reserve(len);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            sub += _str[pos+i];
        }
        return sub;
    }
    
}

15.运算符重载比大小

bool String::operator<(const String& s) const{
    return strcmp(_str, s._str) < 0;
}

bool String::operator==(const String& s) const{
    return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
}

bool String::operator>(const String& s) const
    {
        return !(*this <= s);
    }

    bool String::operator<=(const String& s) const
    {
        return *this < s || *this == s;
    }

    bool String::operator>=(const String& s) const
    {
        return !(*this < s);
    }

    bool String::operator!=(const String& s) const
    {
        return !(*this == s);
    }

16.clear

 void String::clear()
    {
        _str[0] = '\0';
        _size = 0;
    }

17.流插入流提取实现

istream& operator>> (istream& is, string& str){
    str.clear();
    char ch = is.get();
    while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n') {
        str += ch;
        ch = is.get();
    }
    
    return is;
}

ostream& operator<< (ostream& os, const string& str){
    for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
    {
        os << str[i];
    }
    return os;
}

18.析构函数

//析构函数
String::~String(){
    delete[] _str;
    _str = nullptr;
    _capacity = _size = 0;
    
}

补充修改

1.push_back优化

void String::push_back(char ch){
    insert(_size, ch);
}

2.append优化

void String::append(const char* str){
    insert(_size, str);
}

3.insert函数另外一种方法

void String::insert(size_t pos, char ch){
    assert(pos <= _size);
    if (_size == _capacity) {
        size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0? 4 : _capacity*2;
        reserve(newcapacity);
    }
    size_t end = _size;
    while (end >= (int)pos)
    {
        _str[end + 1] = _str[end];
        --end;
    }
    	_str[pos] = ch;
		++_size;
}

void String::insert(size_t pos, const char* str){
    assert(pos <= _size);
    size_t len = strlen(str);
    if (_size + len > _capacity) {
        reserve(_size + len);
    }
    int end = _size;
    while (end >= (int)pos)
    {
        _str[end + len] = _str[end];
        --end;
    }
    memcpy(_str + pos, str, len);
    _size += len;
}