LNMP部署
环境说明
| 系统 | Nginx版本 | 数据库版本 | PHP版本 |
|---|---|---|---|
| centos8 | nginx-1.24.0 | mysql-5.7.39 | php-8.2.11 |
准备工作
//配置yum源（阿里源）和epel源
[root@centos ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@centos yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@centos ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
[root@centos ~]# setenforce 0
[root@centos ~]# sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@centos ~]# reboot
1、安装nginx
首先在官网nginx news 下载nginx包
//先安装源码编译所需的软件包，编译工具
[root@centos ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ gd-devel make wget vim
//安装软件开发包
[root@centos ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
//创建nginx用户
[root@centos ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
//创建日志存放目录
[root@centos ~]# mkdir /var/log/nginx
[root@centos ~]# chown -R nginx:nginx /var/log/nginx
[root@centos ~]# ll -d /var/log/nginx
drwxr-xr-x 2 nginx nginx 6 Oct 20 23:04 /var/log/nginx
//下载nginx
[root@centos ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
[root@centos ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
//解压
[root@centos ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos ~]# ls /usr/local/ && cd /usr/local
bin games lib libexec sbin src
etc include lib64 nginx-1.24.0 share
//编译安装
[root@centos local]# cd nginx-1.24.0/
[root@centos nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@centos nginx-1.24.0]# make && make install
//添加环境变量
[root@centos nginx-1.24.0]# cd ..
[root@centos local]# ls nginx
conf html logs sbin
[root@centos local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@centos local]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@centos local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//此时我们就可以直接使用/usr/local/nginx/sbin/下面的执行命令开启nginx服务了
[root@centos local]# which nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@centos ~]# nginx
[root@centos ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//将systemctl加入到nginx的启动方式中
[root@centos ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[root@centos ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=OpenSSH server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@centos ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
//检验：
[root@centos ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@centos ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@centos ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@centos ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
访问网页：
2、安装MySQL
//安装依赖包
[root@centos ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl make mariadb-devel libtool
//创建用户和组
[root@centos ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@centos ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
//安装mysql包（此处我是本地拖入）
//解压到/usr/local/
[root@centos ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos ~]# ls /usr/local && cd /usr/local
bin include libexec nginx-1.24.0 src
etc lib mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin
games lib64 nginx share
//建立软连接
[root@centos local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@centos local]# ll -d mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 Oct 20 23:24 mysql -> mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@centos local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos local]# ll -d /usr/local/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Oct 20 23:24 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
//添加环境变量
[root@centos local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//建立数据存放目录
[root@centos ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@centos ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/data/
[root@centos ~]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Oct 20 23:27 data
//初始化数据库
[root@centos ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2023-10-20T15:31:34.641707Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: yLq:oj8JIt/N //临时密码
//配置mysql头文件并告知库文件路径
[root@centos ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql '/usr/local/include/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql/include/'
[root@centos ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@centos ~]# ldconfig
//生成配置文件
[root@centos ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@centos ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@centos ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/lnmp.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@centos ~]# ss -antlp | grep 3306
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
users:(("mysqld",pid=41579,fd=23))
//查看端口号
[root@centos ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//链接库文件
[root@centos ~]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
[root@centos ~]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib64/libncurses.so.5
//修改mysql密码，先用临时密码登录（临时密码只能使用一次）
[root@centos local]# mysql -uroot -pyLq:oj8JIt/N
mysql> set password = password('12345678');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
3、安装php
//安装所需依赖包
[root@centos ~]# yum -y install libxml2-devel sqlite-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel readline-devel libpng-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel freetype-devel libzip-devel
//下载编译安装部署php所需要的oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz源码包
[root@centos ~]# wget https://github.com/kkos/oniguruma/archive/v6.9.4.tar.gz -O oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz
//解压并进入oniguruma-6.9.4目录编译安装
[root@centos ~]# tar xf oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos ~]# ls /usr/local/ && cd /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 nginx-1.24.0
sbin src
etc include lib64 mysql nginx oniguruma-
6.9.4 share
[root@centos local]# cd oniguruma-6.9.4/
[root@centos oniguruma-6.9.4]# ./autogen.sh
. . .
[root@centos oniguruma-6.9.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib64
. . .
[root@centos oniguruma-6.9.4]# make && make install
...
//安装php包 位于：https://www.php.net/downloads.php
[root@centos ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.11.tar.gz
[root@centos ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-8.2.11.tar.gz
nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
//解压至/usr/local/目录
[root@centos ~]# tar xf php-8.2.11.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos ~]# ls /usr/local/ && cd /usr/local/
bin lib mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 php-8.2.11
etc lib64 nginx sbin
games libexec nginx-1.24.0 share
include mysql oniguruma-6.9.4 src
//编译安装
[root@centos local]# cd php-8.2.11/
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-zlib-dir \
--enable-gd \
--with-gettext \
--with-jpeg \
--with-freetype \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
//表示安装成功
//编译安装
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# make && make install
//添加环境变量
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php8.sh
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# source /etc/profile.d/php8.sh
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/php8/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/
usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//配置php-fpm
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# cp /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# cp /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php8/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//启动php-fpm
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@centos php-8.2.11]# ss -antlp | grep 9000
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* users:(("php-fpm",pid=145150,fd=5),("php-fpm",pid=145149,fd=5),("php-fpm",pid=145148,fd=10))
4、修改nginx配置文件中php部分配置
[root@centos ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm; //在index后面添加index.php
}
...
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; //定义反向代理
访问测试
部署lnmp完成
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name
include fastcgi.conf; //此处一定要修改
}
...
//修改配置文件后，重启nginx服务和php-fpm服务
[root@centos ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@centos ~]# nginx
[root@centos ~]# service php-fpm stop
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
[root@centos ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
//创建php的web访问页面
[root@centos ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
[root@centos ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
访问php网页
部署Discuz论坛系统
首先进入官网Disucz! 下载_免费搭建网站_开源建站系统下载_Discuz!官方_为您提供全方位建站服务!
环境说明：此服务基于lnmp搭建
//首先启动lnmp服务 保障能够访问到php网页再进行以下步骤
//这里我直接下载了，通过xftp上传到虚拟机
[root@centos ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
Discuz_X3.5_SC_UTF8_20231001.zip oniguruma-6.9.4.tar.gz
mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-8.2.11.tar.gz
部署Discuz论坛系统
//创建一个目录存放Discuz
[root@centos ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/Discuz
//解压到创建的目录
[root@centos ~]# yum -y install unzip
[root@centos ~]# unzip Discuz_X3.5_SC_UTF8_20231001.zip -d /usr/local/nginx/html/Discuz/
[root@centos ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@centos html]# ls
50x.html Discuz index.html index.php
[root@centos html]# cd Discuz/
[root@centos Discuz]# ls
LICENSE qqqun.png readme readme.html upload utility.html
[root@centos Discuz]# cd upload/
[root@centos upload]# ls
admin.php connect.php group.php misc.php source
api crossdomain.xml home.php plugin.php static
api.php data index.php portal.php template
archiver favicon.ico install robots.txt uc_client
config forum.php member.php search.php uc_server
//修改权限
[root@centos ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/Discuz/upload/
[root@centos upload]# chown -R nginx config/
[root@centos upload]# chown -R nginx data/
[root@centos upload]# chown -R nginx uc_client/
[root@centos upload]# chown -R nginx uc_server/
[root@centos upload]# chmod -R 777 config/
[root@centos upload]# chmod -R 777 data/
[root@centos upload]# chmod -R 777 uc_client/
[root@centos upload]# chmod -R 777 uc_server/
//创建数据库
[root@centos upload]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Discuz |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "grant all on Discuz.* to 'Discuz'@'%' identified by '12345678';"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "grant all on Discuz.* to 'Discuz'@'localhost' identified by '12345678';"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@centos ~]# mysql -uroot -p12345678 -e "flush privileges;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
配置虚拟主机
//编辑nginx配置文件，创建一个虚拟主机，可以用域名访问
//编辑nginx的配置文件，创建一个虚拟主机，使其可以用域名访问
[root@lnmp ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@lnmp ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
.......
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.134.155; //自己的域名
location / {
root html/Discuz/upload; //改为网站目录
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html/Discuz/upload; //改为网站目录
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
......
[root@lnmp ~]# nginx -s reload //重新读取
访问网页： 此处用 192.168.134.155/install 来访问
设置密码
点击下一步
安装完成
再次通过ip访问站点
创建一个新账号
登录成功
配置重定向转发
先用自己设置的域名，在C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件里面加入
此处，我们用www.lcy.com访问发现能够访问此页面
当我们之前的域名因为某些特殊原因从而导致后续无法继续使用，然而又不能直接更改域名，防止旧用户仍旧使用老域名访问时而无法访问，为了用户体验，这时就需要我们做一个转发，也就是写一个重定向转发域名的配置
例如我们的www.yyr.com作为我们的旧域名，如今想让新域名能够访问到之前的网页，需在nginx.conf配置文件中添加如下内容：
[root@centos conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@centos conf]# cat nginx.conf
. . . . .
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.xiaozhan.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.lcy.com/$1 break;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
. . . . .
[root@centos conf]# nginx -s reload //重新加载
在C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts添加
此时使用旧域名访问（www.xiaozhan.com）会自动跳转到新域名（www.lcy.com）
此时用新域名访问也可以直接访问
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