学习mysql的第三天
今天跟着mysql官方文档学习了表的一些操作
load data local infile '文件路径' into table table_name;
- 遇到的问题
- LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE file request rejected due to restrictions on access.数据导不进去->权限不够 解决方式:
在登陆时加上这样的语句:mysql -uroot -p --local-infile
- text文件中由于数据之间的空格导致最后导入数据库中的数据出现错误->因为mysql读取数据时默认的分割符是制表符(tab字符 \t),解决方式
- 改变原来text文件中数据之间的分割方式:改为tab键分割
- 改变mysql读取数据时的分隔符
load data local infile '文件路径' into table table_name fields terminated by ','
使用逗号作为字段分隔符 也可以使用其他数据分隔符 - 还可以尝试预处理文本文件。例如,使用Python读取文本文件,并在加载到数据库之前清除或处理行之间的空行
- LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE file request rejected due to restrictions on access.数据导不进去->权限不够 解决方式:
-
选择表中特定行,特定列的数据
代码格式
SELECT what_to_select
FROM which_table
WHERE conditions_to_satisfy;
- 选择所有的数据
select * from table_name;
这种形式的SELECT使用*,这是“选择所有列”的简写。如果您想要查看整个表,例如,在加载了初始数据集之后,这是非常有用的
- 修改错误数据
- 编辑文件pet.txt来纠正错误,然后清空表并使用DELETE和LOAD DATA重新加载它:
delete from table_name; load data local infile '文件路径' into table pet;
- 使用UPDATE语句只修复错误的记录:
updata table_name set col1=xxx where col2=xxx;
这个updata语句只改变错误数据,不需要重新加载数据
- 选择特定的行
检索整个表格很容易,只要省略掉where关键词,但是在特定的情况下,我们不需要整个表的数据,所以我们就需要用where来对数据进行约束,从而得到我们想要的数据
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name = 'Bowser';
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1989-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
在这个语句中:我们限制了name为Bowser,所以也就只选择了Bowser这一行的数据
下面还有几个对数据进行限制的例子:
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE birth >= '1998-1-1';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f';
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE species = 'snake' OR species = 'bird';
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+----------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE (species = 'cat' AND sex = 'm')
OR (species = 'dog' AND sex = 'f');
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
+-------+--------+---------+------+------------+-------+
注意:AND和OR可以混合使用,但AND的优先级高于OR。如果你同时使用两个操作符,最好使用括号来明确地指出条件应该如何分组
- 选择特定的列
mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM pet;
+----------+------------+
| name | birth |
+----------+------------+
| Fluffy | 1993-02-04 |
| Claws | 1994-03-17 |
| Buffy | 1989-05-13 |
| Fang | 1990-08-27 |
| Bowser | 1989-08-31 |
| Chirpy | 1998-09-11 |
| Whistler | 1997-12-09 |
| Slim | 1996-04-29 |
| Puffball | 1999-03-30 |
+----------+------------+
注意,查询只是从每条记录中检索所有者列,其中一些记录出现了不止一次。为了最小化输出,只需通过添加关键字DISTINCT
检索每个唯一的输出记录一次:
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT owner FROM pet;
+--------+
| owner |
+--------+
| Benny |
| Diane |
| Gwen |
| Harold |
+--------+
可以使用WHERE子句将行选择与列选择结合起来。例如,要获取狗和猫的出生日期,使用以下查询:
mysql> SELECT name, species, birth FROM pet
WHERE species = 'dog' OR species = 'cat';
+--------+---------+------------+
| name | species | birth |
+--------+---------+------------+
| Fluffy | cat | 1993-02-04 |
| Claws | cat | 1994-03-17 |
| Buffy | dog | 1989-05-13 |
| Fang | dog | 1990-08-27 |
| Bowser | dog | 1989-08-31 |
+--------+---------+------------+
才疏学浅,可能博客中会出现一些问题,还请各位博友批正
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