实验需求:
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使用双点双向重发布
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所有路由器进行最佳选路
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存在备份路径,不得出现环路和路由回馈
步骤:
1、基础配置
[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.24.2 24
[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.13.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.34.3 24
[R4]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.24.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.34.4 24
测试:
端口互 ping(例):
2、启动OSPF
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.13.1 0.0.0.0
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.12.2 0.0.0.0
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.13.3 0.0.0.0
3、启动RIP
[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.24.0
[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]network 192.168.34.0
[R4]rip 1
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]network 192.168.24.0
[R4-rip-1]network 192.168.34.0
4、将R1环回引入OSPF网络
因为R1环回没有宣告进OSPF,且引入环回时不引入192.168.12.1和192.168.13.1,所以通过路由策略完成
[R1]ip ip-prefix aa permit 1.1.1.0 24
[R1]route-policy aa permit node 10
[R1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[R1-route-policy]q
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]import-route direct route-policy aa
查看路由表(R1,R2,R3结果相同,都会多出1.1.1.0这一条路由信息,代表着环回已经引入进来了)
5、R2,R3进行双向重发布
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[R2-ospf-1]q
[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R3]rip 1
[R3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
此时查看R4的路由信息,发现路由都学到了,但不都是选路最佳,之后需要做优化
6、优化
(1)R4的优化
R4有两个选路不佳的问题:
1.去往1.1.1.0的路由应该是等价路由
2.去往192.168.12.0和192.168.13.0选路不佳,根据图示最佳应该为单条路径
先解决第一个问题:
这里使用路由策略
[R2]ip ip-prefix aa permit 1.1.1.0 24
[R2]route-policy aa permit node 10
[R2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[R2-route-policy]apply preference 90
[R2-route-policy]q
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]preference ase route-policy aa
[R3]ip ip-prefix aa permit 1.1.1.0 24
[R3]route-policy aa permit node 10
[R3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[R3-route-policy]apply preference 90
[R3-route-policy]q
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]preference ase route-policy aa
此时查看R4路由表,等价路由形成
解决第二个问题:
这里使用偏移列表
[R4]acl 2000
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.12.0 0
[R4-acl-basic-2000]q
[R4]acl 2001
[R4-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 192.168.13.0 0
[R4-acl-basic-2001]q
[R4]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricin 2001 5
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R4]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricin 2000 5
此时查看R4路由表,192.168.12.0的路由从R2学到,192.168.13.0的路由从R3学到,选路不佳问题解决
(1)R1的优化
去往192.168.24.0和192.168.34.0的路由图示形成等价路由,选路不佳
这里使用过滤策略
[R2]ip ip-prefix bb deny 192.168.34.0 24
[R2]ip ip-prefix bb permit 0.0.0.0 0 less-equal 32
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]filter-policy ip-prefix bb export
[R3]ip ip-prefix bb deny 192.168.24.0 24
[R3]ip ip-prefix bb permit 0.0.0.0 0 less-equal 32
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]filter-policy ip-prefix bb export
此时查看R1路由表,192.168.24.0的路由从R2学到,192.168.34.0的路由从R3学到,选路不佳问题解决
此时全图没有任何路由回馈或者选路不佳的问题,要求完成,实验结束