2小时带你学会的Pygame中的飞机大战的基本功能

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 05:21:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-17 05:21:35 发布

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文章标签： pygame python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2203_75738159/article/details/132244832

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3）设置游戏的开始游戏中游戏后的各种的背景按键（实现前面所说的按键点击检测）

编辑

4）在游戏中添加玩家（此时的玩家应该会移动）

玩家精灵类玩家管理类

5) 在游戏添加敌人（敌人也要会移动）

敌人精灵敌人管理类

敌人精灵中要有自己的属性敌人子弹敌人的移动（与玩家一样）

6）在游戏中添加boss（boss出现的条件自己设定就行）

boss精灵 boss管理类

7）在游戏中添加道具

道具精灵道具管理类

8）在游戏中添加子弹（子弹包括玩家的敌人的 boss的）

9）给每个敌人玩家 boss 加上血条

10）实现游戏中的各种碰撞（根据自己想要的去实现）

11）实现各种的连接

12）源代码

最后希望我的讲解可以给你带来理解，希望我的源码可以给你的游戏增添色彩~~~游戏内容没有那么完整，还需您多多指点！！！！

1 了解游戏的元素

首先我们要知道飞机大战中的元素都有什么

飞机即玩家	player
敌人	enemy
子弹（玩家子弹）（敌人子弹）	bullet
道具	prop
boss	boss

每一个元素都对应这每一个精灵组每一个精灵组也要有自己的对应的管理类（一般情况）

接下来用一个图给大家展示一下之间的关系：

关系管理图

最开始的是游戏管理游戏管理管理着背景管理玩家管理还有敌人管理子弹管理道具管理等等游戏管理是最大的管理类管理着各种的类背景管理中有背景精灵组管理着背景精灵背景精灵中有初始化方法__init__ 更新BGSprite的基本属性位置图片的update（）其他都是类似的这里就介绍以下BGSprite 。

要记得需要什么元素一般很大情况下都要有他自己的精灵类精灵管理组。

2 规划进行游戏设计

1）我们要创建一个不会关闭的窗口

代码实现:

class GameManage:
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1500, 900))
        self.rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        pygame.display.set_caption("飞机")
    def run(self):
        while True:
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
            pygame.display.flip()

gm = GameManage()
gm.run()

2）加载一下循环背景

代码实现：

class BaseSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load(name)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()


class BGSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, topleft):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.topleft = topleft

    def update(self):
        self.rect.top += 2
        if self.rect.top >= 900:
            self.rect.top = -900


class BGManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.bg_group = pygame.sprite.Group()

        BGSprite("img/gaming_bg.jpg", (0, 0)).add(self.bg_group)
        BGSprite("img/gaming_bg.jpg", (0, -900)).add(self.bg_group)

    def update(self):
        self.bg_group.update()
        self.bg_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

在写BGSprite时要提前写个BaseSprite精灵类用于被继承其中BaseSprite继承了我们的pygame.sprite.Sprite 继承可以调用父类的方法在子类中不用再声明减少代码增加了我们的功能

（这里面的代码前面已经讲过，这边就不深入讲解）

3）设置游戏的开始游戏中游戏后的各种的背景按键（实现前面所说的按键点击检测）

游戏的开始游戏中游戏后的背景按键都属于UI管理的，因此我们会创建一个继承BaseSprite的UISprite精灵还有一个用于管理UISprite精灵的管理类UIManage，具体的功能也要根据自己的需求去实现。

参考代码：

class UISprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.center = center


class UIManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.is_victory = None
        self.font = pygame.font.Font("font/font.ttf", 32)
        self.font1 = pygame.font.Font("font/font.ttf", 128)

        # 游戏开始前的UI
        self.ready_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.ready_btn1 = UISprite("img/bg.jpg", (750, 450))
        self.ready_btn2 = UISprite("img/begin_gaming.png", (750, 450))
        self.ready_over_image = UISprite("img/end.png", (750, 600))

        self.ready_btn1.add(self.ready_group)
        self.ready_btn2.add(self.ready_group)
        self.ready_over_image.add(self.ready_group)

        #      游戏中的UI
        #     self.gaming_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        # self.gaming_score = self.font.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#FF4500")
        #      游戏后的UI
        self.end_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_bg_image = UISprite("img/bg.jpg", (750, 450))
        self.end_fail_image = UISprite("img/fail.png", (750, 150))
        self.end_btn = UISprite("img/rebegin.png", (750, 450))
        self.end_end_image = UISprite("img/end.png", (750, 600))
        self.end_victory_image = UISprite("img/victory.png", (750, 150))
        self.end_bg_image.add(self.end_group)
        self.end_btn.add(self.end_group)
        self.end_end_image.add(self.end_group)
        self.fail_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_fail_image.add(self.fail_group)
        self.victory_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_victory_image.add(self.victory_group)
        # 游戏暂停的UI
        self.paused_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.paused_image = UISprite("img/continue.png", (750, 450))
        self.paused_image.add(self.paused_group)

    def update(self):
        # 游戏前
        if self.gm.state == "ready":
            self.ready_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

            if Util.click_check(self.ready_btn1):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.state = "gaming"
                self.gm.boss_manage.born()
                self.gm.player_manage.born()
            if Util.click_check(self.ready_over_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

                # AudioMusic.begin_music("music/begin_music.mp3")

        elif self.gm.state == "gaming":
            self.score_surface = self.font.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#FF4500")
            self.gm.draw_update()
            self.gm.screen.blit(self.score_surface, (1350, 50))


        elif self.gm.state == "end":
            self.end_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            self.end_score_surface = self.font1.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#7CFC00")
            self.gm.screen.blit(self.end_score_surface, (550, 200))
            if self.is_victory == False:
                self.fail_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            elif self.is_victory == True:
                self.victory_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            if Util.click_check(self.end_btn):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.die()
                self.gm.state = "gaming"
                self.gm.boss_manage.born()
                self.gm.player_manage.born()

            if Util.click_check(self.end_end_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
        elif self.gm.state == "paused":

            self.paused_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            if Util.click_check(self.paused_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.state = "gaming"

我这边是根据自己的功能去实现的。具体如下：

开始前

游戏中

游戏暂停（通过空格实现）

游戏结束失败的画面

游戏结束胜利的画面

上面的开始游戏继续游戏结束游戏 start over 都是用鼠标左键点击实现的，要用到

class Util:
    @staticmethod
    def click_check(sprite):
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
            if sprite.rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                return True
        return False

每当点击的时候调用Util的click_check函数就可以了

4）在游戏中添加玩家（此时的玩家应该会移动）

玩家精灵类玩家管理类

代码实现:

class PlayerSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center, speed, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.gm = gm
        self.rect.center = center
        self.speed = speed
        self.max_hp = 10
        self.hp = 10
        self.shoot_time = 2
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.super_bullet_num1 = 0
        self.super_bullet_num2 = 0

    def shoot(self):
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)

    def shoot1(self):
        for i in range(5):
            BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20 + 10 * i, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def shoot2(self):
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 75, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx + 75, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)

    def shoot3(self):
        for i in range(7):
            BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 30 + 10 * i, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 75, self.rect.height - 10, 150, 10))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 75, self.rect.height - 10, self.hp / self.max_hp * 150, 10))

    def update(self):
        self.draw_hp()
        self.shoot_time -= 0.8
        if self.shoot_time <= 0:
            self.shoot_time = 2
            value = random.random()
            if value > 0.5:
                if self.super_bullet_num1 > 0:
                    self.shoot1()
                    self.super_bullet_num1 -= 1
                else:
                    self.shoot()
            else:
                if self.super_bullet_num2 > 0:
                    self.shoot2()
                    self.super_bullet_num2 -= 1
                else:
                    self.shoot()

        key_presses = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key_presses[pygame.K_a] and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.rect.left -= self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_d] and self.rect.right < 1500:
            self.rect.right += self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_w] and self.rect.top > 0:
            self.rect.top -= self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_s] and self.rect.bottom < 900:
            self.rect.bottom += self.speed
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class PlayerManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.score = None
        self.player_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.player = PlayerSprite("img/player1.png", (750, 825), 20, self.gm)
        AudioMusic.play_bg_music()

    def born(self):
        self.player = PlayerSprite("img/player1.png", (750, 825), 20, self.gm)
        self.player.hp = 10
        self.score = 0
        self.player.add(self.player_group)

    def update(self):
        self.player_group.update()
        self.player_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

玩家的属性移动子弹都要写入玩家精灵类的update中我这里面有四种不同的射击方式分别对应着不同的道具

玩家的操作创建玩家精灵组玩家出生更新玩家精灵组都要写入玩家管理类的update中

5) 在游戏添加敌人（敌人也要会移动）

敌人精灵敌人管理类

代码实现：

class EnemySprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed, hp, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.hp = hp
        self.max_hp = hp
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count2 = 2
        self.time_move = 2
        self.gm = gm

    def shoot(self):
        value = random.random()
        if value > 0.7:
            BulletSprite("img/enemybullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20, self.rect.top + self.rect.height + 30, 10).add(
                self.bullet_group)
        else:
            BulletSprite("img/enemybullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20, self.rect.top + self.rect.height + 30, 10).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 40, self.rect.height - 78, 70, 15))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 40, self.rect.height - 78, self.hp / self.max_hp * 70, 15))

    def update(self):

        self.time_count2 -= 0.1
        if self.time_count2 <= 0:
            self.time_count2 = 2
            self.shoot()
        self.time_move -= 0.5
        if self.time_move <= 0:
            self.time_move = 2
            value = random.random()
            if value > 0.5:
                self.rect.top += self.speed * 2
                self.rect.centerx += self.speed
            else:
                self.rect.top += self.speed * 2
                self.rect.centerx -= self.speed * 2

        if self.rect.y > 900 or self.rect.right > 1500 or self.rect.left < 0:
            self.kill()
        self.draw_hp()
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class EnemyManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count1 = 5

    def generate(self):
        value = random.random()
        # if value > 0.9:
        #     EnemySprite("img/enemy3.png", random.randrange(25, 1500, 25), 0, 4, 8, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        if value > 0.5:
            EnemySprite("img/enemy1.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 6, 8, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        # if value > 0.3:
        #     EnemySprite("img/enemy4.png", random.randrange(25, 1500, 25), 0, 8, 4, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        if value > 0:
            EnemySprite("img/enemy.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 6, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)

    def update(self):
        self.time_count1 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count1 <= 0:
            self.time_count1 = 5
            self.generate()
        self.enemy_group.update()
        self.enemy_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

敌人精灵中要有自己的属性敌人子弹敌人的移动（与玩家一样）

敌人管理类中有敌人的精灵组敌人的出生条件在哪出生出生什么敌人都是我们要考虑的问题

最后将敌人放进敌人精灵组之后绘制在窗口中显示出来

6）在游戏中添加boss（boss出现的条件自己设定就行）

boss精灵 boss管理类

代码实现：

class BossSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center, hp, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.center = center
        self.boss_speed = 5
        self.hp = hp
        self.max_hp = hp
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.gm = gm
        self.time_count5 = 2

    def shoot(self):
        BulletSprite("img/boss_bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.centery, 10).add(
            self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 200, self.rect.height - 310, 400, 20))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 200, self.rect.height - 310, self.hp / self.max_hp * 400, 20))

    def update(self):
        self.rect.centerx -= self.boss_speed
        if self.rect.centerx > 1300 or self.rect.centerx < 200:
            self.boss_speed *= -1
        self.time_count5 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count5 <= 0:
            self.time_count5 = 2
            self.shoot()
        self.draw_hp()
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

class BossManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.boss_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.boss = BossSprite("img/boss.png", (random.randrange(200, 1300, 50), 200), 400, self.gm)

    def born(self):
        self.boss.hp = 400

    def update(self):
        if self.gm.player_manage.score >= 50:
            self.boss.add(self.boss_group)
            self.boss_group.update()
            self.boss_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

boss和敌人的思路一样但是boss需要条件才可以出生敌人是游戏开始的时候就出生这一点注意以下就可以了

7）在游戏中添加道具

道具精灵道具管理类

代码实现：

class PropSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed, type):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.time_count3 = 2
        self.type = type

    def update(self):
        self.time_count3 -= 2
        if self.time_count3 <= 0:
            self.time_count3 = 2
            self.rect.top += self.speed
            if self.rect.y > 900:
                self.kill()


class PropManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.prop_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count4 = 6

    def generate(self):
        value = random.random()
        if value > 0.9:
            PropSprite("img/daojubaozha.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 1).add(self.prop_group)
        elif value > 0.5:
            PropSprite("img/jiaxie.png", random.randrange(75, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 2).add(self.prop_group)
        else:
            PropSprite("img/player1(1).png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 3).add(self.prop_group)

    def update(self):
        self.time_count4 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count4 <= 0:
            self.time_count4 = 6
            self.generate()
        self.prop_group.update()
        self.prop_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

道具和敌人思路也是一样的不一样的是道具不会发生子弹

注意：道具的类型后面的碰撞需要找到碰撞的是哪个道具不同的道具实现不同的功能

8）在游戏中添加子弹（子弹包括玩家的敌人的 boss的）

需要声明的是子弹是敌人玩家 boss 都拥有的所以没有具体的管理类当想要使用子弹时候直接调用子弹精灵类实现子弹管理类没有自己成一个类而是在要使用子弹的精灵的精灵类里面方便每一个精灵对子弹进行管理。

class BulletSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.time_count = 2

    def update(self):
        self.time_count -= 2
        if self.time_count <= 0:
            self.time_count = 2
            self.rect.top += self.speed
        if self.rect.top > 900 or self.rect.bottom < 0:
            self.kill()

子弹每当出了窗口的范围我们要做到及时销毁从而减轻我们精灵组的压力敌人也是这样的

9）给每个敌人玩家 boss 加上血条

你会看到敌人玩家 boss的管理类中都有一个draw_hp方法这个就是血条血条的方法就是绘制矩形然后在矩形上面绘制不同于第一个颜色的矩形从而达到血条具体实现请看代码也可根据自己的想法实现代码仅供参考

10）实现游戏中的各种碰撞（根据自己想要的去实现）

实现碰撞：实质上就是精灵组与精灵组进行碰撞我们要用到groupcollider方法。

代码实现（根据我的功能实现的）：

    def check_collider(self):
        # 玩家与道具
        player_prop_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group, self.prop_manage.prop_group,
                                                          False, True)
        if player_prop_collider:
            for props in player_prop_collider.values():
                for prop in props:
                    if prop.type == 1:
                        self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.empty()
                    if prop.type == 2:
                        self.player_manage.player.hp += 1
                        if self.player_manage.player.hp > self.player_manage.player.max_hp:
                            self.player_manage.player.hp = self.player_manage.player.max_hp
                    if prop.type == 3:
                        value = random.random()
                        if value > 0.5:
                            self.player_manage.player.super_bullet_num1 = 20
                        else:
                            self.player_manage.player.super_bullet_num2 = 20
        # 玩家子弹与敌人
        player_bullet_enemy_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                  self.enemy_manage.enemy_group, True, False)
        if player_bullet_enemy_collider:
            for enemys in player_bullet_enemy_collider.values():
                for enemy in enemys:
                    enemy.hp -= 2
                    if enemy.hp <= 0:
                        self.player_manage.score += 1
                        enemy.kill()
        #  玩家子弹与boss
        player_bullet_boss_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                 self.boss_manage.boss_group, True, False)
        if player_bullet_boss_collider:
            self.boss_manage.boss.hp -= 2
            if self.boss_manage.boss.hp <= 0:
                self.die()
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = True
                self.state = "end"

        #  玩家与敌人子弹
        for enemy in self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.sprites():
            player_enemy_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                      enemy.bullet_group, False, True)
            if player_enemy_bullet_collider:
                self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
                if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                    self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                    self.die()
                    self.state = "end"

        # 玩家子弹与敌人子弹
        for enemy in self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.sprites():
            player_bullet_enemy_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                             enemy.bullet_group, True, True)

        # 玩家与敌人
        player_enemy_group_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                 self.enemy_manage.enemy_group,
                                                                 False, True)
        if player_enemy_group_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 2
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

        #  玩家子弹与boss子弹
        player_bullet_boss_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                        self.boss_manage.boss.bullet_group, True, True)

        # 玩家与boos子弹
        player_boos_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                 self.boss_manage.boss.bullet_group, False, True)
        if player_boos_bullet_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

        #     玩家与boss
        player_boss_body_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                               self.boss_manage.boss_group, False, False)
        if player_boss_body_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

每次碰撞都会有想要达到的目的所以在碰撞之后我们可以进行判断然后实现我们自己的功能。

11）实现各种的连接

各种的连接就是比如怎么让游戏管理类去管理BGManage PlayerManage EnemyManage BossManage PropManage 等我们需要使用 self.bg_manage = BGManage(self) 在游戏管理类的初始化中还有就是怎么可以实现 BGManage 中调用游戏管理的内容比如窗口我们就要在BGManage中初始化函数中self.gm = gm 其中gm是游戏管理类的实例，还有就是管理类通过创建精灵组去管理精灵类从而达到我们先要的效果！！

12）源代码

代码仅供参考：

import random
import sys

import pygame


class AudioMusic:
    @staticmethod
    def play_bg_music():
        pygame.mixer.music.load("music/bg_music1.mp3")
        pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

    @staticmethod
    def begin_music(name):
        sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(name)
        sound.play()

    @staticmethod
    def button_music(name):
        sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(name)
        sound.play()

    @staticmethod
    def boss_bg():
        pygame.mixer.music.load("music/boos_bg.mp3")
        pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

    @staticmethod
    def boss_begin(name):
        sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(name)
        sound.play()


class Util:
    @staticmethod
    def click_check(sprite):
        if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
            if sprite.rect.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                return True
        return False


class BaseSprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, name):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load(name)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()


class BGSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, topleft):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.topleft = topleft

    def update(self):
        self.rect.top += 2
        if self.rect.top >= 900:
            self.rect.top = -900


class BGManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.bg_group = pygame.sprite.Group()

        BGSprite("img/gaming_bg.jpg", (0, 0)).add(self.bg_group)
        BGSprite("img/gaming_bg.jpg", (0, -900)).add(self.bg_group)

    def update(self):
        self.bg_group.update()
        self.bg_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class BulletSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.time_count = 2

    def update(self):
        self.time_count -= 2
        if self.time_count <= 0:
            self.time_count = 2
            self.rect.top += self.speed
        if self.rect.top > 900 or self.rect.bottom < 0:
            self.kill()


class PlayerSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center, speed, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.gm = gm
        self.rect.center = center
        self.speed = speed
        self.max_hp = 10
        self.hp = 10
        self.shoot_time = 2
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.super_bullet_num1 = 0
        self.super_bullet_num2 = 0

    def shoot(self):
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)

    def shoot1(self):
        for i in range(5):
            BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20 + 10 * i, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def shoot2(self):
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 75, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)
        BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx + 75, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(self.bullet_group)

    def shoot3(self):
        for i in range(7):
            BulletSprite("img/bullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 30 + 10 * i, self.rect.top - 50, -20).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 75, self.rect.height - 10, 150, 10))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 75, self.rect.height - 10, self.hp / self.max_hp * 150, 10))

    def update(self):
        self.draw_hp()
        self.shoot_time -= 0.8
        if self.shoot_time <= 0:
            self.shoot_time = 2
            value = random.random()
            if value > 0.5:
                if self.super_bullet_num1 > 0:
                    self.shoot1()
                    self.super_bullet_num1 -= 1
                else:
                    self.shoot()
            else:
                if self.super_bullet_num2 > 0:
                    self.shoot2()
                    self.super_bullet_num2 -= 1
                else:
                    self.shoot()

        key_presses = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key_presses[pygame.K_a] and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.rect.left -= self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_d] and self.rect.right < 1500:
            self.rect.right += self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_w] and self.rect.top > 0:
            self.rect.top -= self.speed
        if key_presses[pygame.K_s] and self.rect.bottom < 900:
            self.rect.bottom += self.speed
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class PlayerManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.score = None
        self.player_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.player = PlayerSprite("img/player1.png", (750, 825), 20, self.gm)
        AudioMusic.play_bg_music()

    def born(self):
        self.player = PlayerSprite("img/player1.png", (750, 825), 20, self.gm)
        self.player.hp = 10
        self.score = 0
        self.player.add(self.player_group)

    def update(self):
        self.player_group.update()
        self.player_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class EnemySprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed, hp, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.hp = hp
        self.max_hp = hp
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count2 = 2
        self.time_move = 2
        self.gm = gm

    def shoot(self):
        value = random.random()
        if value > 0.7:
            BulletSprite("img/enemybullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20, self.rect.top + self.rect.height + 30, 10).add(
                self.bullet_group)
        else:
            BulletSprite("img/enemybullet.png", self.rect.centerx - 20, self.rect.top + self.rect.height + 30, 10).add(
                self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 40, self.rect.height - 78, 70, 15))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 40, self.rect.height - 78, self.hp / self.max_hp * 70, 15))

    def update(self):

        self.time_count2 -= 0.1
        if self.time_count2 <= 0:
            self.time_count2 = 2
            self.shoot()
        self.time_move -= 0.5
        if self.time_move <= 0:
            self.time_move = 2
            value = random.random()
            if value > 0.5:
                self.rect.top += self.speed * 2
                self.rect.centerx += self.speed
            else:
                self.rect.top += self.speed * 2
                self.rect.centerx -= self.speed * 2

        if self.rect.y > 900 or self.rect.right > 1500 or self.rect.left < 0:
            self.kill()
        self.draw_hp()
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class EnemyManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.enemy_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count1 = 5

    def generate(self):
        value = random.random()
        # if value > 0.9:
        #     EnemySprite("img/enemy3.png", random.randrange(25, 1500, 25), 0, 4, 8, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        if value > 0.5:
            EnemySprite("img/enemy1.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 6, 8, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        # if value > 0.3:
        #     EnemySprite("img/enemy4.png", random.randrange(25, 1500, 25), 0, 8, 4, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)
        if value > 0:
            EnemySprite("img/enemy.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 6, self.gm).add(self.enemy_group)

    def update(self):
        self.time_count1 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count1 <= 0:
            self.time_count1 = 5
            self.generate()
        self.enemy_group.update()
        self.enemy_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class BossSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center, hp, gm):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.center = center
        self.boss_speed = 5
        self.hp = hp
        self.max_hp = hp
        self.bullet_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.gm = gm
        self.time_count5 = 2

    def shoot(self):
        BulletSprite("img/boss_bullet.png", self.rect.centerx, self.rect.centery, 10).add(
            self.bullet_group)

    def draw_hp(self):
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (127, 127, 127), (self.rect.width / 2 - 200, self.rect.height - 310, 400, 20))
        pygame.draw.rect(self.image, (0, 255, 0),
                         (self.rect.width / 2 - 200, self.rect.height - 310, self.hp / self.max_hp * 400, 20))

    def update(self):
        self.rect.centerx -= self.boss_speed
        if self.rect.centerx > 1300 or self.rect.centerx < 200:
            self.boss_speed *= -1
        self.time_count5 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count5 <= 0:
            self.time_count5 = 2
            self.shoot()
        self.draw_hp()
        self.bullet_group.update()
        self.bullet_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

class BossManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.boss_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.boss = BossSprite("img/boss.png", (random.randrange(200, 1300, 50), 200), 400, self.gm)

    def born(self):
        self.boss.hp = 400

    def update(self):
        if self.gm.player_manage.score >= 50:
            self.boss.add(self.boss_group)
            self.boss_group.update()
            self.boss_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

class PropSprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, centerx, y, speed, type):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.centerx = centerx
        self.rect.top = y
        self.speed = speed
        self.time_count3 = 2
        self.type = type

    def update(self):
        self.time_count3 -= 2
        if self.time_count3 <= 0:
            self.time_count3 = 2
            self.rect.top += self.speed
            if self.rect.y > 900:
                self.kill()


class PropManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.prop_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.time_count4 = 6

    def generate(self):
        value = random.random()
        if value > 0.9:
            PropSprite("img/daojubaozha.png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 1).add(self.prop_group)
        elif value > 0.5:
            PropSprite("img/jiaxie.png", random.randrange(75, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 2).add(self.prop_group)
        else:
            PropSprite("img/player1(1).png", random.randrange(50, 1450, 25), 0, 8, 3).add(self.prop_group)

    def update(self):
        self.time_count4 -= 0.2
        if self.time_count4 <= 0:
            self.time_count4 = 6
            self.generate()
        self.prop_group.update()
        self.prop_group.draw(self.gm.screen)


class UISprite(BaseSprite):
    def __init__(self, name, center):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.rect.center = center


class UIManage:
    def __init__(self, gm):
        self.gm = gm
        self.is_victory = None
        self.font = pygame.font.Font("font/font.ttf", 32)
        self.font1 = pygame.font.Font("font/font.ttf", 128)

        # 游戏开始前的UI
        self.ready_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.ready_btn1 = UISprite("img/bg.jpg", (750, 450))
        self.ready_btn2 = UISprite("img/begin_gaming.png", (750, 450))
        self.ready_over_image = UISprite("img/end.png", (750, 600))

        self.ready_btn1.add(self.ready_group)
        self.ready_btn2.add(self.ready_group)
        self.ready_over_image.add(self.ready_group)

        #      游戏中的UI
        #     self.gaming_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        # self.gaming_score = self.font.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#FF4500")
        #      游戏后的UI
        self.end_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_bg_image = UISprite("img/bg.jpg", (750, 450))
        self.end_fail_image = UISprite("img/fail.png", (750, 150))
        self.end_btn = UISprite("img/rebegin.png", (750, 450))
        self.end_end_image = UISprite("img/end.png", (750, 600))
        self.end_victory_image = UISprite("img/victory.png", (750, 150))
        self.end_bg_image.add(self.end_group)
        self.end_btn.add(self.end_group)
        self.end_end_image.add(self.end_group)
        self.fail_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_fail_image.add(self.fail_group)
        self.victory_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.end_victory_image.add(self.victory_group)
        # 游戏暂停的UI
        self.paused_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.paused_image = UISprite("img/continue.png", (750, 450))
        self.paused_image.add(self.paused_group)

    def update(self):
        # 游戏前
        if self.gm.state == "ready":
            self.ready_group.draw(self.gm.screen)

            if Util.click_check(self.ready_btn1):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.state = "gaming"
                self.gm.boss_manage.born()
                self.gm.player_manage.born()
            if Util.click_check(self.ready_over_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

                # AudioMusic.begin_music("music/begin_music.mp3")

        elif self.gm.state == "gaming":
            self.score_surface = self.font.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#FF4500")
            self.gm.draw_update()
            self.gm.screen.blit(self.score_surface, (1350, 50))


        elif self.gm.state == "end":
            self.end_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            self.end_score_surface = self.font1.render(f"Score:{self.gm.player_manage.score}", True, "#7CFC00")
            self.gm.screen.blit(self.end_score_surface, (550, 200))
            if self.is_victory == False:
                self.fail_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            elif self.is_victory == True:
                self.victory_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            if Util.click_check(self.end_btn):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.die()
                self.gm.state = "gaming"
                self.gm.boss_manage.born()
                self.gm.player_manage.born()

            if Util.click_check(self.end_end_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
        elif self.gm.state == "paused":

            self.paused_group.draw(self.gm.screen)
            if Util.click_check(self.paused_image):
                AudioMusic.button_music("music/button.mp3")
                self.gm.state = "gaming"


class GameManage:
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()
        self.state = "ready"
        self.is_paused = False
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1500, 900))
        self.rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        pygame.display.set_caption("飞机")

        self.bg_manage = BGManage(self)
        self.player_manage = PlayerManage(self)
        self.enemy_manage = EnemyManage(self)
        self.prop_manage = PropManage(self)
        self.ui_manage = UIManage(self)
        self.boss_manage = BossManage(self)

    def die(self):
        self.boss_manage.boss_group.empty()
        self.player_manage.player_group.empty()
        self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.empty()
        self.player_manage.player.bullet_group.empty()
        self.prop_manage.prop_group.empty()

    def check_collider(self):
        # 玩家与道具
        player_prop_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group, self.prop_manage.prop_group,
                                                          False, True)
        if player_prop_collider:
            for props in player_prop_collider.values():
                for prop in props:
                    if prop.type == 1:
                        self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.empty()
                    if prop.type == 2:
                        self.player_manage.player.hp += 1
                        if self.player_manage.player.hp > self.player_manage.player.max_hp:
                            self.player_manage.player.hp = self.player_manage.player.max_hp
                    if prop.type == 3:
                        value = random.random()
                        if value > 0.5:
                            self.player_manage.player.super_bullet_num1 = 20
                        else:
                            self.player_manage.player.super_bullet_num2 = 20
        # 玩家子弹与敌人
        player_bullet_enemy_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                  self.enemy_manage.enemy_group, True, False)
        if player_bullet_enemy_collider:
            for enemys in player_bullet_enemy_collider.values():
                for enemy in enemys:
                    enemy.hp -= 2
                    if enemy.hp <= 0:
                        self.player_manage.score += 1
                        enemy.kill()
        #  玩家子弹与boss
        player_bullet_boss_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                 self.boss_manage.boss_group, True, False)
        if player_bullet_boss_collider:
            self.boss_manage.boss.hp -= 2
            if self.boss_manage.boss.hp <= 0:
                self.die()
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = True
                self.state = "end"

        #  玩家与敌人子弹
        for enemy in self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.sprites():
            player_enemy_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                      enemy.bullet_group, False, True)
            if player_enemy_bullet_collider:
                self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
                if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                    self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                    self.die()
                    self.state = "end"

        # 玩家子弹与敌人子弹
        for enemy in self.enemy_manage.enemy_group.sprites():
            player_bullet_enemy_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                             enemy.bullet_group, True, True)

        # 玩家与敌人
        player_enemy_group_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                 self.enemy_manage.enemy_group,
                                                                 False, True)
        if player_enemy_group_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 2
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

        #  玩家子弹与boss子弹
        player_bullet_boss_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player.bullet_group,
                                                                        self.boss_manage.boss.bullet_group, True, True)

        # 玩家与boos子弹
        player_boos_bullet_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                                 self.boss_manage.boss.bullet_group, False, True)
        if player_boos_bullet_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

        #     玩家与boss
        player_boss_body_collider = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.player_manage.player_group,
                                                               self.boss_manage.boss_group, False, False)
        if player_boss_body_collider:
            self.player_manage.player.hp -= 1
            if self.player_manage.player.hp <= 0:
                self.ui_manage.is_victory = False
                self.die()
                self.state = "end"

    def check_is_paused(self):
        if self.is_paused == True:
            self.state = "paused"
        else:
            self.state = "gaming"

    def draw_update(self):
        self.bg_manage.update()
        self.player_manage.update()
        self.enemy_manage.update()
        self.prop_manage.update()
        self.boss_manage.update()
        self.check_collider()

    def run(self):
        while True:
            self.clock.tick(24)
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                        self.is_paused = True
                        self.check_is_paused()
                key_presses = pygame.key.get_pressed()
                if key_presses[pygame.K_DOWN]:
                    self.player_manage.player.shoot3()
            self.ui_manage.update()
            pygame.display.flip()

gm = GameManage()
gm.run()

最后希望我的讲解可以给你带来理解，希望我的源码可以给你的游戏增添色彩~~~游戏内容没有那么完整，还需您多多指点！！！！

Wzq

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2小时带你学会的Pygame中的飞机大战的基本功能

首先我们要知道飞机大战中的元素都有什么每一个元素都对应这每一个精灵组每一个精灵组也要有自己的对应的管理类（一般情况）接下来用一个图给大家展示一下之间的关系：关系管理图最开始的是游戏管理游戏管理管理着背景管理玩家管理还有敌人管理子弹管理道具管理等等游戏管理是最大的管理类管理着各种的类背景管理中有背景精灵组管理着背景精灵背景精灵中有初始化方法__init__ 更新BGSprite的基本属性位置图片的update（）其他都是类似的这里就介绍以下BGSprite。
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