如何使用idea搭建SpringMVC框架

#如何使用idea搭建SpringMVC框架

一、使用方式

1. 配置xml文件
2. 通过注解配置

二、使用工具

1. 准备工具
   idea2022、maven-3.8.5、Tomcat 9.0.71
2. 配置maven的settings.xml
   （1）在标签为settings中修改本地镜像仓库，同时注释默认仓库

<localRepository>D:\Javafile\maven\maven_repo_java</localRepository>

（2）修改本地镜像源为阿里云

<!--配置远程仓库为阿里云镜像-->
   <mirror>
   	<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
   	<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
   	<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
   	<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
   </mirror>

三、具体步骤

1. 基本环境搭建步骤

   （1）创建maven项目
   
   
   如果没有出现webapp文件夹，则手动创建并添加web框架路径
   
   
   
   如果没有出现spring框架，则和之前一样手动添加
   （2）在修改工程maven位置
   
   

   （3）在pom.xml中导入SpringMVC、Web以及Mysql的相关依赖

    <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.8</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.8</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.28</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.8</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.20</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <!--Web工程需要依赖属于 servlet-api.jar和jsp-api.jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
   
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.9</version>
        </dependency>
   
        <!--jersy WebService相关Jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
            <artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.18</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
   

   （3）在resources下创建springmvc.xml，没有resources文件夹则手动创建文件夹
   
   （4）配置springmvc.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

	<!-- 将控制器扫描到容器中 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.cg.controller" />
	
	<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
	<bean
			class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

（5）配置web.xml

<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>
			org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
          </servlet-class>
          <!-- 加载类路径下的spring-mvc.xml -->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>   
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet接受所有URL请求 -->
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

四、测试

1.xml方式
（1）创建HelloController控制层

• 在com.cg下创建controller并添加HelloController类

package com.cg.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

public class HelloController {

 @RequestMapping("/hello")
 public String hello() {
     return "hello";
 }
}

（2）创建hello.jsp视图页面

• 在webapp中WEB-INF下创建views文件夹并创建hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
      pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!!
</body>
</html>

（3）启动Tomcat服务器

2. 注解方式：

   （1）在springmvc中开启注解驱动

      <!-- 开启SpringMVC框架的注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
   

   （2）在HelloController中添加注解

package com.cg.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "hello";
    }
}

五、运行结果